Chicory Root Extract Atopic Dermatitis Health And Social Care Essay

Atopic dermatitis is a genetically transmitted, chronic inflammatory tegument disease that is characterized by chronic redness of epidermis1. The disease normally presents during early childhood but may get down or prevail in big life 2. 10 % to 20 % of kids and 1 % to 3 % of grownups are affected by this status. Adult atopic dermatitis is normally a continuance of the childhood status although in 2 % of the entire instances may get down after 20 old ages of age 3. It is the earliest presentation of atopic characteristics in patients who suffer from allergic coryza and/or asthma in ulterior life 4. The atopic dermatitis may undergo remittal at pubescence and so gets exacerbated in big life particularly in response to environmental exposure to thorns 3. The characteristic characteristics of disease are pruritus, scrape, and chronic and/or get worsing eczematous lesions 5. Presently, there is no unequivocal remedy for this status and direction is aimed at relieving the symptoms of the status hence it presents a clinical challenge 6. The direction includes good tegument attention ( such as usage of moisturizers and creams ) , trigger turning away while pharmacological interventions such as usage of anti-inflammatory drugs ( topical corticoids and unwritten antihistamines ) besides contribute to the curative armamentarium 3. The new calcineurin inhibitors are among the new intervention options which limit the badness and frequence of flare-ups 6. Due to an increased hazard of infection, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral drugs are besides portion of the intervention regimen 6. Different intervention options available are shown in the figure 1: hypertext transfer protocol: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01153.x/asset/image_n/ALL_1153_f5.gif? v=1 & A ; t=ghv2sj68 & A ; s=0e428ba76d59dc1a7fd694a0dcbd25f4c38e76d4 Beginning: Akdis et Al, 2006 The furnace lining or terrible instances present a challenge in their direction and necessitate alternate therapies like the application of wet dressings in combination with topical corticoids, short-run intervention with systemic corticoids, phototherapy with ultraviolet visible radiation 8, immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive agents ( cyclosporins, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus ) 9, Imuran, interferon- IA? , 3. However, bulk of these therapies have been found to be associated with side-effects like nephritic toxicity, hepato-toxicity 3, skin combustion and thinning etc.9 This has resulted in involvement in the alternate traditional therapies. Cichorium is a medicinally of import works that belongs to the household Asteraceae 10. The tuberous root of this works is made up of a figure of medicinally of import compounds such as inulin, acrimonious sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins ( esculin ) , flavonoids and vitamins 10. Hence, the root infusion of the works has been used as an antihepatotoxic, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory, appetiser, digestive, gastric, liver tonic, cholagogue, cardiotonic, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, antipyretic, alexeteric and besides as tonic 11. Furthermore, it is besides helpful in headache, heapatomegaly, degenerative arthritis 12, anorexia, indigestion, flatulency, gripes, urarthritis, firing esthesis, icterus, splenomegaly, hyperdipsia, Hansen's disease, , amenorrhea, chronic and biliary febrilities, ophthalmitis, sore throat and emesis, arthralgia, lumbago, asthma and general infirmity 13. Chicory root has been shown to hold anti-inflammatory action by suppression of COX-2 activity 14. Furthermore, the chicory root infusion has been shown to possess antibacterial 10 and clamber protecting belongingss 15. The safety profile chicory root infusion is good 16 and is better tolerated 17. A combination of these belongingss makes it a suited agent to be tested against atopic dermatitis. Although its usage in the intervention of skin allergic conditions has been mentioned in the literature, no surveies could be identified proving the efficaciousness of chicory infusion against atopic dermatitis in grownups or kids. Despite the deficiency of identifiable research into the usage of chicory root infusion in pull offing grownup atopic dermatitis, the grounds available pertaining to its widespread usage and anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial usage suggests that chicory root infusion could be a good direction option by bettering the disease symptoms and associated conditions. In drumhead, a randomised control test on an equal sample size, focused entirely on the consequence of chicory root infusion on the symptoms of atopic dermatitis should be carried out utilizing blinded research workers.Research QuestionDoes the chicory root infusion better the symptoms in patients enduring from grownup atopic dermatitis?Proposed ProbeThe probe aims to find whether the root infusion of chicory works decreases the badness and symptoms of grownup atopic dermatitis. A randomized vehicle-control dual blind test will be performed on 100 patients enduring from atopic dermatitis at the Liverpool infirmary. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Participants between 20 to 50 old ages of age enduring from or diagnosed with non-exudative atopic dermatitis utilizing the Hanifin and Rajka criteria 18 will be indiscriminately assigned to instance and control groups. Exclusion standards for participants enduring from exudative dermatitis, patients who received UVB phototherapy or photo-chemotherapy in the last 1 month, and patients who received systemic therapies such as steroid or other immunosuppressive drugs in the last 3 months were excluded. Study and vehicle Group Preparations The ethyl ethanoate chicory infusion will be dispensed in an ointment signifier with a standard base pick which contains a mixture of glyceryl mono/distearate and polythene ethanediol stearate, isoparaffin and cyclopentadimethylsiloxane 19. This base will function as vehicle and cream merely with no other actions. The control group will have the base pick merely along with ethyl ethanoate to minimise the consequence of any confounders. Intervention Following blessing from the local moralss commission, informed consent will be taken from all the patients while making the baseline hiting for atopic dermatitis. Subjects will so be indiscriminately allocated into either the intervention group or control group after baseline appraisal and marking. The survey group ( n=50 ) will have ethyl acetate chicory root infusion in ointment signifier whilst the vehicle group ( n=50 ) will have a placebo in ointment signifier with indistinguishable visual aspect and wadding. Treatment will dwell of using a thin bed of unction on the affected country twice daily for a period of eight back-to-back hebdomads. All other signifiers of interventions will be prohibited during the survey period. The marking will be done at 4 hebdomad intervals. Both the clinicians and the patients will be blind to the intervention that they are giving or having as the survey and vehicle unction will be dispensed in indistinguishable wadding. Result Four major parametric quantities of the disease, viz. , extent, strength, waterlessness, and itchiness, will be flatly recorded harmonizing to the eczema country and badness index ( EASI ) 20. The symptoms will besides be estimated by hiting patient reported symptoms utilizing a structured questionnaire with nonsubjective standards. A usage of hiting systems and nonsubjective standards will assist to standardise and compare the results in both groups. The result tonss of the two groups at baseline and at 4 hebdomads interval will be compared utilizing a two-tailed Studentaa‚Â ¬a„?s t-test with the significance degree set at 5 % . All the analysis will be done utilizing SPSS. Restriction Restrictions of the survey include the fact that the participants may endure from flair ups due to surcease of all other types of interventions. However, if at any point it is felt by the wellness attention squad that the intercession is arousing any unwanted effects and patient demands systematic therapy, the test will be terminated early or that patient will be dropped out. This may increase the bead out rates and compromise the cogency of the survey. Ethical Issues Participants will be informed that non-participation or backdown at any phase wonaa‚Â ¬a„?t compromise their medical attention. Informed consent will be taken from the patient and his doctor before get downing the intervention and will be discontinue at any clip if the patient or his physician want to make so.

Addiction to Junk Food Essay

Everyday, millions of people consume the so-called addictive â€Å"junk food. † Most of the people who do not have time, or find it affortable eat in fast food restourants such as McDonalds, Burger King, and many others. Junk food is addictive because of many reasons such as saving time. The junk food can be clasified in few categories – snacks, fast food, and soft drinks. First come the snacks, which are being brought everyday by millions of people who are not conserned about how unhealthy chips is and care only about how tasty it is. It is hardly possible to pass McDonalds nowadays without stopping there and having Hamburger Menu with a big Coke. The second category are the foods from the fats food restourants (example is McDonalds), such as, hamburgers. A person will buy a hamburger because it is very good in taste but he or she does not consider what really is inside this â€Å"meal† and how those ingridians might harm his or her health. Soft drinks are also a part of the junk food area. For example, Coke is being mentioned and associated with it are Fanta, Sprite and many other drinks without which people â€Å"cannot live. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Soft drinks are incredibly bad for people’s health due to their high level of sugar and other components. In brief, all the mentioned examples of fast food and soft drinks should not be eaten by people; however, this works as a law, everything that people should not eat, they love and want and this is the addiction. In conclusion, it is normal to see a person nowadays walking around with a coke in one hand and a burger in the other. No matter how unhealthy this meal is, this person likes it so he or she assumes that there is no reason to throw this meal away, and this is the so called addiction with junk food.

Asian Immigrants in the Us

Asian immigrant families are faced with many challenges upon their arrival in the United States of America. One of the problems Asian immigrants face is fitting in. Asians have always been more traditional and family oriented. When they do things, they do it for their family. For generations parents have ingrained in their childrens mind that family is the most important thing in the world. That is not necessarily a bad thing, but its taught in a way that one must do everything for their family and not themselves. One author states that if one was to ask an Asian immigrant student what they want to do in their life they would most likely say something along the lines of being an engineer, and if one was to ask for an explanation as to why they choose that profession, the most common answer would be somewhere along the lines of â€Å"its for my family† or â€Å"because thats what my family wants me to do† (Eli Lieber 190). Author Eli Lieber explains that for an individual to go against his or her familys wishes is a big taboo for Asians (192). It is seen as an act of rebellion and a way of bringing disgrace to their family. Simple things such as following ones dream of becoming a famous singer, actor, or baker can be seen in the negative light in the Asian community. However, from an Americans perspective it is seen in the positive light as a strong willed individual just chasing their American dream. The American ideology of individuality clashes greatly with the traditional Asian ideology of togetherness. Americans are encouraged to chase after their individual dreams rather than focusing on helping their family. Asian parents encourage their children to become doctors, engineers, lawyers, and other high paying occupations that are well respected by people. American parents also wish for their children to be occupy one of those jobs, but they are also more lenient if their child wishes to be a chef, artist, photographer or any other jobs that arent considered to be as â€Å"important† to society. The differences between ideologies of these two cultures often make it hard for Asians to fit in with Americans simply because they have been taught that togetherness is more important than individuality throughout their whole life. Another problem that Asians are faced with when trying to fit in is the language barrier. Asians often have difficulty learning the English language, especially when they migrate to this country at an older age. The language barrier plays a significant role with their interactions with the native born Americans. Sociology professor, Baek Choi, explains that fluency in the English language plays a significant role in the â€Å"acculturation process of immigrants† (76). Professor Baek Choi goes on to explain that â€Å"acculturation is the process of adaptation and culture modification that occurs as a result of continuous contact between two different and distinct cultures. Oftentimes, it results in the change of beliefs, values and behavior of the immigrants† (197). The more fluent an immigrant is, the more likely they are to interact with the US born citizens simply because they have more confidence in themselves. They are able to understand what is going on around them, and can clearly communicate what it is they want or need with the non-Asian community. However, Asians are more likely to settle in places where there are lots of other Asians rather than venturing out to the non-Asian community. Being around people of their race helps them become more comfortable in their new country. One author states that in some cases these Asian communities become so large they actually resemble their native land (Rong and Grant, Ethnicity). Cities such as Little Saigon, Little Tokyo and Little India have sprung up in Southern California and are a great example for these Asian communities here in the United States. The comfort of these communities limits Asian immigrants contact with the native born Americans. In cases where these immigrants actually have to interact with U. S. Born citizens they often feel uncomfortable and are unable to communicate clearly with them. The difference of ideologies and the language barrier are often the cause for Asian immigrants having a hard time adjusting to their new home country. Things are just too different form what they are used to, and it often takes time for them to adjust properly. Sometimes, the relationship between parents and children become strained due to the new environment. When Asian families migrate to the United States they often bring young children with them. These children sometimes adapt to the new culture a lot faster than their parents because often the children is more exposed to the outside world than the parents. In the article â€Å"An Emergent Leadership Model Based On Confucian Virtues And East Asian Leadership Practices,† Lang, Irby and Brown explains that â€Å"cultural values provide guidance and protocols for peoples thought, attitudes, behaviors, and reactions to external conditions†. When Asian immigrant children are put in public schools they are introduced to the American ideology of individuality through their peers. This concept of individuality is one of Americas cultural values, and it is the exact opposite of the traditional Asian cultural value. As stated in the previous paragraph, Americans embrace the idea of individuality and encourage its citizens to do so, whereas Asian culture is focused more on family and their community as a whole. The introduction of these cultural values at a young age makes it easy for these young immigrants to embrace it. These non-native children, and just all children in general, are often faced with the want and need to â€Å"fit in† especially during their time from middle school to high school. The need to â€Å"fit in† is hard enough for U. S born citizens, but it is especially hard for immigrant adolescents. Culture and health professor of UCLA, Eli Lieber, claims immigrant teenagers are faced with more difficulties during this time of their life than non-immigrant teenagers because they have to find the balance between their two worlds (185). Depending on how close they are to their family or their peers, the teenager could lean towards one culture more than the other. In some cases the need to fit in often over rules the lessons their parents have instilled in their mind of doing things for their family. Like any other teenager, social life becomes more important than their family, and what their friends think is more important than what their family thinks of them. Asian parents often dont understand why this is happening to their child, they see it as an act of rebellion. These acts of rebellion can be as simple as changing the way they dress, how they style their hair, or it can be something much more drastic such as staying out later with friends or engaging in ruffian behavior. The teenagers however see nothing wrong with their actions, and view it as â€Å"normal† since that is how their American friends act. These misunderstandings can lead to a strain on the parent – child relationship. Parents often have a difficult time obtaining a job that can provide for their family. The number one reason why Asians have a difficult time finding a proper job is because of the language barrier. The language barrier, as stated in the previous paragraph, is the most difficult to overcome. Asians typically choose to stay within the safety of their ethnic community, but in most cases those communities dont provide well paid jobs. When Asians first arrived here in the United States, low wage jobs that required lots of work was the only thing that was offered to them (PEW, The Rise Of Asian Americans). Asians were typically discriminated against and were always given the worse end of the deals during the first surge of immigrants in the 1900s (Pew, The Rise of Asian Americans). However, after being pushed aside and discriminated against for the past century Asian immigrants have begun to pave their own roads and have set up some successful small businesses. These small, family owned businesses have sprouted all over Asian communities, sometimes they are successful and sometimes theyre not. Many Asian immigrants choose to either find a job within their ethnic community or open one up rather than venturing out into mainstream America to find a job. Immigrants choose to stay close to their community because that is what they are comfortable with. They are working with people who speak their language and eat the same food they eat. They dont feel the need to worry about whether or not they are fitting in or if what theyre doing is considered absurd by non-Asians. Even though many Asians choose to stay and work in the Asian community or open up their own business, these jobs may not be as successful. In some cases where an Asian immigrant decides to open up their own business they often use their family members as workers. According to Lee Sharons article, â€Å"Poverty and the U. S. Asian Population†, sometimes these family members are unpaid or paid really low wages, and those family members simply let it pass. This also applies to non-family workers of those small businesses. Asians generally believe that family should always stick together, even if it means working for free or a at a really low rate. First generation Cambodian immigrant Nary Ngeth states, â€Å"I have no problem working at my moms bakery for free. Shes my mom. † However when asked if U. S. born citizen Rachel Pike was willing to work for her parents store for free like Ngeth, she replies, â€Å"They would have to pay me. I can probably find a job that pays more than them. † The difference between the two cultures is obvious, one is willing to work for free because they are family while the other insists she is able to find a job that can pay more. This practice of underpaying relatives and Asian immigrant workers is harmful them. It prevents the workers from finding a proper job that can pay them fairly. Some first generation Asian immigrants that choose to find a job in the mainstream America often find themselves underemployed or end up with low wage jobs. A study done by Gordon F. De Jong and Anna Madamba states that Asian immigrants suffer from a â€Å"double disadvantage† (117). De Jong and Madamba claims, â€Å"The double disadvantage hypothesis of minority group and immigrant status is accepted only for Asian men and women with jobs mismatched to their skills and for Asian women who are most likely to be unemployed or be among the working poor† (118). This suggests that Asian immigrants are unable to get jobs they are qualified for and end up with jobs that are beneath their skill level. This can include low wage jobs such as maintenance, retail, etc. Even if an Asian immigrant is qualified for a high paying job the language barrier often sets them back. According to the article Asian American Assimilation : Ethnicity, Immigration, And Socioeconomic Attainment, written by C. N. Le, the lack of having advanced language skills is the most common reason for immigrants not getting a job. If co-workers are unable to communicate properly things will never be able to run smoothly and can actually harm the work place. English and Spanish is the most common language in this country. Its easy for Spanish speaking immigrants to land jobs because of the increase of Mexican and South American immigrants, but its difficult for Asians. In some cases native born Americans have a difficult time communicating with Asians because of their heavy accents. The underemployment, mismatched jobs, language barrier, and agreeing to work for low wages are the cause for Asian immigrants being unable to find a proper job that can provide for their family. First generation children are often faced with the most difficult challenges in the family. These children act as the bridge between the two worlds. If their parents speak little or no English the children become the translators. Sometimes these children are put in situations where they have to make difficult decisions, and if their parents have any questions regarding mainstream America they are the ones to seek out the answer for them. Things such as how to open up a bank account, applying for credit cards, paying bills, getting the right paper work for their business, etc. Parents not only rely on their children as a connection to the American world, but they also expect them to surpass the native born students in their studies. Asians have been called the â€Å"model minority† by Americans, they believe that all the other groups of immigrants should aspire to become more â€Å"Asian† in terms of their work ethic, and academic performances (Wing, 455). Education is highly prized in the Asian community. Parents expect nothing but the best from their children when it comes to their grades in school. Sometimes parents will punish their children if they perform lowly on a test or get a bad grade on their report card. Nary Ngeth says, â€Å"I remember I got a C in my P. E. Class for failing the swimming portion of the class. My mom was so mad, she made me sign up for public swimming lessons after taking away my phone. Because I got a C in P. E! † In 2007, Dr. Jean Wing conducted a study in Berkely High School to see whether or not Asians are the â€Å"model minority†. Wing was able to find the students GPA based on race, and overall Asians outperformed the Latinos and Africans. Wing was also able to figure out which race are ready to attend college based on the CSU and UC eligibility requirement. This showed that more Asians are college bound than Latinos and Africans. 70% of Asian seniors at Berkley are eligible to attend college, while only 32% of African Americans and 48% of Latinos are eligible (Wing, 462-465). The academic success of Asian students overall could be because of how supportive Asian parents are to their children when it comes to schooling. Parents remind their kids to study for tests, do their homework, work on their projects, etc. â€Å"My mom would always help me with math. Having her constantly hover over me while I work on my homework was irritating, but she helped my a lot. It was like having my own personal tutor,† explains Ngeth. Not only do first generation children have to deal with the pressure put on them by their family, but they also have to deal with the problems they are faced at school. First generation children are one of the first members of the family to learn the English language and it can be difficult for them. Sometimes they can be ridiculed by their peers because of the way their accents. As stated in the second paragraph these teenagers are trying to find the balance between the two world they are living in. Teenagers want to become accepted by Americans, but they also want their parents approval of their choices. In Eli Liebers study of Asian immigrant families and European American families he finds that the â€Å"arguments between parent and child from European American families center on â€Å"mundane details of family life: doing chores, getting along with siblings and appearance† (190). However, the conflict that Asian immigrant families face are centered on â€Å"parents disapproval of mainstream American attitudes toward dating and adolescents desire for independence, especially with regard to career choice and marriage† (190). Finding the balance between the two worlds can often take years to find. Finding that balance along with being the bridge between the two worlds and the pressure to perform well in academics are some of the things that first generation children are faced with. The number of Asian immigrants moving to this country has been steadily growing. According to PEW, in the past year Asians has surpassed Hispanics in the number of immigrants arriving in the United States (PEW, The Rise of Asian Americans). The Asian community has left lasting impacts in this nation. Just like all the other immigrants they are faced with many challenges, but Asians are faced with more. The inability to let go of their ideology of collectiveness makes it difficult for them to understand the American culture. This also has lead to the formation of clumps of Asian communities within the nation. Although this is not necessarily a bad thing, it prevents immigrants from venturing out and exploring what America has to offer them. The biggest problem Asian immigrants face upon their arrival is the difference between the two cultures and trying to find the balance between the two. Some choose to ignore the cultures of their new host country, choosing instead to stay within their own ethnic community and having very little interactions with the U. S. born citizens. Some however, choose to fully embrace the new culture and forget their own culture values and traditions in order to fit it with Americans. Asian immigrants must learn to find the right balance between the two. Its important to learn how to live in the new country but its also important to hold onto ones culture. If immigrants can find the perfect balance between the two cultures, they will be able to lead a successful lifestyle in America. Works Cited Baek Choi, Jong, and Madhavappallil Thomas. Predictive Factors Of Acculturation Attitudes And Social Support Among Asian Immigrants In The USA.   International Journal Of Social Welfare  18. 1 (2009): 76-84. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Dec. 2012. De Jong, Gordon F. , and Anna B. Madamba. A Double Disadvantage? Minority Group, Immigrant Status, And Underemployment In The United States.   Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited)  82. 10(2001): 117. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Dec. 2012. Eli Lieber, et al. Ethnic Identity, Acculturation, Parenting Beliefs, And Adolescent Adjustment: A Comparison Of Asian Indian And European American Families.   Merrill-Palmer Quarterly  53. 2 (2007): 184-215. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. Lang, LingLing, Beverly J. Irby, and Genevieve Brown. An Emergent Leadership Model Based On Confucian Virtues And East Asian Leadership Practices.   International Journal Of Educational Leadership Preparation  7. 2 (2012):  ERIC. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. Le, C. N. Asian American Assimilation : Ethnicity, Immigration, And Socioeconomic Attainment. n. p. : LFB Scholarly Pub, 2007. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 4 Dec. 2012. Lee, Sharon M. Poverty And The U. S. Asian Popu lation.   Social Science Quarterly (University Of Texas Press)  75. 3 (1994): 541-559. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. Ngeth, Nary. Personal Interview. 09 Dec. 2012. PEW. The Rise of Asian Americans.   Pew Social And Demographic Trends. PEW Research Center, 19 June 2012. Web. 09 Dec. 2012. . Pike, Rachel. Personal Interview. 09 Dec. 2012. Rong, Xue Lan, and Linda Grant. Ethnicity, Immigrant Generation Status, And School Attainment Of Asians, Hispanics And Non-Hispanic Whites. (1990):  ERIC. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. Wing, Jean. Beyond Black And White: The Model Minority Myth And The Invisibility Of Asian American Students.   Urban Review  39. 4 (2007): 455-487. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 Dec. 2012.

How Feminist Scholar Looks the Women of Color Essay

How Feminist Scholar Looks the Women of Color - Essay Example How Feminist Scholar Looks the Women of Color The feminist theory relies heavily on principles and understanding of feminism. These principles are based on the following beliefs that; Women should be handled in the same way as men in the society, that they are not inferior to men and that the main goal of feminism is bring out the issue of gender inequality being practiced on daily bases in the society. Discrimination based on one’s race had existed in the US for a long time. Therefore, women were and are still viewed as facing discrimination from two angles; race and gender. Due to the many challenges that the women of color continue to face, Women of Color in US Society has been established to among other things try to come up with a alternative understanding of the social world (Zinn and Dill, 3). According to Combahee River Collective, Black feminism is founded on the fact of African American women continuous powered effort for survival and liberation. The strongly negative relationship between the African American women and the American political system as they put it, has been effected by their membership in two exploited and oppressed racial and sexual castes. This essay is going to look at how different feminist scholars look at the women of color from their own different approaches.Kimberle in her article, â€Å"Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color† looks mostly in the violence against the women and especially the minority.

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business in United Kingdom Essay

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business in United Kingdom - Essay Example An offer is an expression of willingness to have a contract under specified sets of terms and conditions. This is made by an offeror and the focus here is that in case the offer is accepted, then the offeror is bound by the contract. In other words, an offer matches an individual’s manifestation about his or her intent to get into a binding contract with somebody else. Acceptance on the other hand refers to an expression of agreement which is unconditional and absolute. This is in regards to all terms formulated in a given offer. In this case, it refers to an assent by an offeree who is responsible for offering a legal contract (Berle 435). It can either be in writing or oral though it has to reflect on the original offer agreed upon. Capacity entails the capability of an individual to get into a legal agreement considering the fact that other people such as the insane, the drunkards and infants may not be able to enter an agreement. Intention is another element of a valid con tract and it simply entails intimating to get into an agreement. These elements play important roles as far as contracts are concerned. One of the importance of the elements is that they help in protecting an individual from potential problems for instance from overcharging or from losing deposit (Mitchell). They also ensure that one has a guarantee for complete and quality work. They also help in clarifying expectations of different parties involved into a contract as well as in knowing how possible conflicts can be resolved. Apart from these, they are important in that they enable parties to safeguard their resources. Typesof Contract Contracts are in different categories and they all have their impacts and relevance in applications. Written contracts are usually written and sealed off in official documents. One of the impacts of a written contract is that they get into operation once they have been adopted and delivered between the concerned parties. Friedman (105) notes that the y also bind all the parties involved within their terms without considering whether the terms have been read or not. There are contracts which require written evidence. These contracts have their evidences taking effect upon agreement and they help in preventing perjury and frauds. There are also sealed contracts which are usually made by a party and delivered to another party after sealing them (Wedderburn 99). These types of contracts are important in that they check on misconceptions. Finally, there are simple contracts which can be oral, partly written, fully written, oral or even implied. Their impacts are usually dependent on what is being agreed upon. Terms in a Contract Conditions in contracts mean the operating regulations between the contracting parties. One party’s performance is conditioned based on terms being operated upon. This further implies that termination remedy is present with damages or if there are no serious effects from a breach (Drew and Skitmore 228 ).Warranties are terms which are less essential and are mostly implied as collateral with regards to the key purpose. With warranties, there are no rights to termination. However, damages reflecting on actual losses are pertinent. Innominate terms are those for which there are no advance prescriptions for remedies. There is termination if effects felt upon a breach are serious and capable of depriving innocent parties of contractual benefits. TASK 2 It is possible that you hold Direct Training to the price they stated on the website. However,

Native people social movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native people social movements - Essay Example that was formed, the Anishinabe continued to fight following the established prophecy hence finding themselves in California and being united helped the Anishinabe to obtain back their nationality from the whites. Afterwards, Ojibwa also known as the Anishinabe people’s urge with their friends resulted in a fight that begun killing one another for the purpose of the hunting ground. All the Anishinabe people with their tribes became vigilant in protecting their people from slavery and their territories (Lorman). However, they all fought for the protection of their homeland for the land became the main issue that brought all the suffering. With the native youth movements, roadblocks were put in place to stop invasion into their land since they abolished all of the following activities. Railways construction, highways, mining, resorts, dams, cities, deep seaports, garbage dams and many others that led to their outbreak of war. Additionally, different organizations movements were created like the American-Indian political activism during the year of 1960s for obtaining their rights (Bruchac). In addition, among other movements was a national association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP), southern Christian leadership conference (SCLC) and finally groups were also formed like National organization for women (NOW). The formed group and movements mainly dealt with the rights of their individuals together with land issues maintaining their social integrity. During the establishment of national Indian youth council (NICY) that occurred after the tribes of Oklahoma with Great Plains that defeated the NCAI of 1994. The developed groups used peaceful ways with Americans where they encouraged the third world liberations. However, various groups of young individuals came up with American Indian movements (AIM) with an intention of the police harassment (Williamson). However, the Alcatraz Island reduces the pride and their consciousness with the rise of

Case Report, Warner brothers Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report, Warner brothers - Case Study Example Horn is presented with the dilemma with what strategy to adopt to produce and market movies that generate revenues and compensate for other low performing ones. On one hand, selecting the right script is guided by factors like experience, star loyalty, some specific genres of movies which are always liked by the audience or a rival spearheading a new concept which can be marketed along similar story lines. On the other hand, there are various other operational and strategic factors which shape up the selection decision and are based on more of data than intuition or gut feeling (Pisano & Wagonfeld 2009). One of the most essential components to pay attention to and analyze is the risk taking and sharing basis. Warner Bros. typically do not share risks of producing and marketing a movie with other studios and puts in the entire capital and efforts with an optimistic view of getting the risk-return trade-off. However, with such mammoth budget big-event films which are constrained by pub lic acceptance, rival moves and reduced opening weekend sales, risk sharing should essentially be a part of green-lighting a project. True that if successful, the movie will garner huge revenues to the studio and provide for even low budget movies that have failed at the box office. But in case, any of the above $200 million movies did not capture the expected response or fails in the successive weekends, the entire financial statement of studio can dissipate. With risk sharing, the studio can still remain optimistic and energetic of producing and marketing the movies in pipeline, which would otherwise be thought of as sheer waste of money and efforts on account of observed failure and huge losses. Trend of videos and DVDs is capturing fast with audiences turning to this medium more than actually visiting a theatre. Apart from traditional sources of revenue, studio revenues like theatre contracts, sale of broadcast television rights and videos and DVD sales are fast catching up, lea ving behind normal box office revenues. Warner Bros. operates on the philosophy of vertical integration which provides it with increased access to downstream distribution channels. This practice can be improved with more focus on securing additional studio revenues. This can also reduce the risks which are more frequent in box office openings. Television broadcast rights, theatre contracts and such other studio revenue streams are considered to be more immune and hence, they should be treated as risk management activities where every single film is a time and cost based project. Marketing campaigns play a significant role in the success or failure of a movie. It educates the audience about what actually is contained in the movie. Trailers are extracted from the movie run itself, which are some exceptionally excellent scenes to hit the psyche of the target audience. With every market, trailers are customized according to the choice, language, seasonality and preference. Trailers befo re launching the movie are generally for box office purposes. However, what if trailers are also developed for television broadcast and theatre screenings simultaneously with box office openings! This could eliminate the fear of a disappointing opening weekend where theatre screenings and sale of videos and DVDs could counteract the losses of bad openings. Maintaining relationships with distributors, actors and directors is yet another

EXERCISE 5 P+P Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EXERCISE 5 P+P - Research Paper Example The Merise has the basic assumption of System design and development going through three cycles of - abstraction, approval and life cycle. There can be object oriented transformation of Merise analysis. The cognitive bias of Merise is that it is not limited only to the modeling of a database (Pham, 1991). 2. Purpose & Periphery   What does the method encompass?   What is it (designed to be) used for?   To what can it be adapted/applied?   What does it preclude? The method encompasses three characteristics viz. structural overview with diagram and text that is beneficial for easier implementation, better quality system and a use of improved planning. The development method was primarily designed for UK and the government computing requirements. The application later became hugely popular and hence it was adapted by the European public sector companies (Doorn, 2002) . The Merise mainly encompasses graphical representation through three different cycles. It is mainly designed fo r development cycle, which is decision cycle, life cycle and abstraction cycle. It is mainly applied such that data and processes are viewed in conceptual level then logical level and finally operational level (Pham, 1991). The SSADM technology precludes various drawbacks of previous technologies by offering below listed advantages:- 1. SSADM involves user 2. SSADM separates the logical and physical aspect of the system 3. It gives the three different views of the system 4. It has well-defined techniques and documentation However, SSADM technology cannot be applied in all conditions. The SSADM technology requires a large enterprise and may not be suitable for all types of enterprises like Small scale or medium. A large investment of time and money is required to use this technology. It requires a big place and also needs trained people to use it (Ashworth, 1990). 3. Process & Procedure Guidance offered   What do we do? What happens next?   Procedures for moving through the stage s/phases/tasks/ Practitioner guide   Participant guidance   There are guidance available, which can teach the software designing methodology with plenty of tutorials available, both in printed form and online format. The Practical Business Systems Development using SSADM4 by Philip Weaver (Weaver, 2002) is a complete guideline on it. There are software development sites, which help in these issues too. With the help of Logical Data Modelling, one can identify, model and document the requirements of data for the system being considered for design. Using this method, the data is separated into relationships and entities. Because of this, it becomes easier to know about the fields for which business needs to record the information and about the relationships between entities. The data flow modelling recognize, model and document the movement of data around the information system. It examines the actions which transform one form of data to another, area where data is held, what rece ive data into system or sends data from system and also about the routes through which data can flow. And the entity behaviour modelling takes care of actions that influence each unit and the sequence in which these actions occur. There are detail procedures in these tutorial books which guides through stages of the task. Even there are modules like requirements analysis,

Henry Clay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Henry Clay - Essay Example as Senator from Kentucky (1806-1807); came back to the State House of Representatives (1807-1809) and in 1810 he came back to the Senate and served until 1811 (Clay 1852, 87). He was the pioneer of a group of Congressmen known as the War Hawks when he was a U.S. Agent and Speaker of the House from 1811 to 1814. According to Kelly (2002), Henry went ahead to serve as a U.S. Delegate, and again as the Speaker of the House. Henry distinction as a compromiser originated from his contribution with the Missouri Compromise, the Comprise Tariff of 1833, and the Compromise of 1850 (Clay 1852, 87). Henrys father passed on in 1781; the year British and supporter warriors attacked the region and plundered the Clay home (Clay and Ellis 1910, 15). After ten years, his mother remarried and his stepfather moved the family to Richmond, where he filled in as an agent in the store. Afterward, from 1793 to 1797, he served as a secretary to George Wythe, chancellor of the High Court of Chancery. Henry had minimal general knowledge, though he read in Wythes library and figured out how to capitalize on inadequate data. He moved to Lexington, Ky., in November 1797 and made the notoriety for being a legal counselor. Henry and Lucretia Hart tied a knot in 1799 and were lucky to have 11 kids. Henry Clays life and political vocation assumed a vital part in the progressions made in the state of Kentucky, and in addition the country. His handle, "The Great Compromiser," was given to him based on his arrangement and trading off aptitudes. Henry led a careless life as he was a drunkard and a gambler during the time for his high stakes; this did not ruin an open profession in this youthful American, and he had properties that served him well on legislative issues (Clay 1852, 57). Adams, who had watched him closely, said Clay was "half-taught" yet included that the world had been his school and that he had "the entire ideas imperative to a famous man." Clay was chosen to Kentucky state assembly

What Are the Benefits and Limitations of Using Second Life in Education Essay Example for Free

What Are the Benefits and Limitations of Using Second Life in Education Essay What are the benefits and limitations of using Second Life in Education? Use of the internet has increased exponentially in recent years, in both developed and developing countries, and educators are searching for ways of utilising the new technology and environment to enhance teaching and learning experiences. Second Life (SL) is a world which exists online. The world is complete with schools, universities, businesses and even criminal activity. As the use and popularity of SL grows, so too does the research regarding its viability as an educational tool. Both the apparent benefits and limitations have been considered in a variety of research papers (Baker, Wentz Woods, 2009; Taylor Chung, 2008). In order to determine whether SL is a useful option for educational institutions, the following aspects will be considered as part of this review: features of online learning, technical considerations and the overall potential uses. Some important features of online learning discussed by the authors include accessibility, popularity, and community. Access to online learning is an important aspect to consider, for both teachers and students. The flexibility of the online environment means that this type of technology can potentially be accessed at many different times and a variety of different places (Baker, Wentz and Woods, 2009). According to Baker et al. (2009), lecturers can make use of the technology by delivering their information via avatars. Taylor and Chung (2008) also consider the popularity of SL, and how this may encourage users to participate in online educational content. Indeed, as Baker et al. (2009) also suggest, students can be not only participants but can also â€Å"create their own content† (p. 60). They add that it is possible for students to meet together, attend discussion online and interact with tutors in an informal and relaxed way, as well as encouraging students who may otherwise be shy to have a ‘voice’. In this way they are building and sharing within their own communities and taking responsibility for their own learning. However, as Taylor and Chung (2008) assert, although SL might be popular, colourful, visual and interactive, students may not enjoy learning in this way, and using SL instead of more traditional methods may actually cause students to forget what they have learned. The authors suggest that the enjoyment of using an avatar and playing in SL may mean students do not focus on the aims of the lesson or lecture. Furthermore, Baker et al. (2009) suggest that there may be limitations of online interaction compared to face-to-face interaction. It is thus important for teacher to consider these issues before using SL. Not only that, there are also a few technical considerations such as cost and time, using SL and also technical knowledge been mentioned by the authors. Baker et al. (2009) claim that the cost of using SL could be differ. Anyone can use it for free yet there are also some charges for people to have a virtual land in SL. According to Baker et al. (2009), people need to consume time to get used to SL. There are initial times to create an avatar, control it, and communicate using computer. Taylor and Chung (2008) clarify that in order to get the benefits; people have to invest money and time for the programming content. Being failed to control avatar, learners might become de-motivated and not willing to use it. By using SL, Baker et al. (2009) remind teachers to consider the objective of online teaching, thinking if it is appropriate for the class or not, can they or the learners be familiarized with the technology and even developed new class management techniques. In fact, Baker et al. 2009) point out that the technical requirement of using SL is higher than basic requirement. Also, there might be some potential issues such as slow connection, slide show’s problem, and security issue. Taylor and Chung (2008) add that there are not a lot of document storages and the computer might get slow due to many graphics. In addition, the authors also insist that there are some overall potentials like new technology, uses in present fields and potential issues using SL in education and training purposes. Baker et al. 2009) reveal that SL is a new technology which launched in 2003, yet some educators already investigating the uses of SL in teaching and learning purposes. Its dominant is SL is not a game like Active Worlds, MMPORGs, and Whyville; it’s a space for social communication. There are some possible issues that people need to be careful as it may have serious effects. Students need to be informed the appropriate usage of the new technology–SL in learning. Besides that, they need to be taught the proper way to behave themselves and protect their privacy while using SL.  Furthermore, an emergency plan should be planned so that when the technology having problems and not performing well, students will not lost temper and cause severe impacts. Taylor and Chung (2008) suggest that SL is a powerful tool in helping training and development sectors. Nevertheless, they also discover that IBM still remains using text-based collaboration which leads to the efficacy of SL. It still has some difficulties to an effective transmission for instruction and content management. As a result, there are lots of potential to be found in the human-computer interaction, usability and instructional design. Through the articles reviewed it seems that the benefits and drawbacks of using SL are equal. Although SL can helps people in learning, people still have to pay much more efforts on it. To get used to SL, people have to spent money, time, and think out the appropriate way to use it wisely. Obviously, SL has the potential to facilitate people’s learning. In fact, to use it or not depends on the further research whether the benefits can overcome the limitations or not.

History of the Indian-Pakistan Conflict

History of the Indian-Pakistan Conflict Conflict Analysis 2nd assignment: Choose one conflict from the UCDP data. Identify and map the different historical stages and periods of the conflict using the conflict cycle. How did battle deaths and other forms casualties (one-sided violence) change during the conflict cycle? What kind of pattern do you observe over time? For this essay I have chosen to write about the Indian-Pakistan Conflict over the Kashmir which is a strategically placed region in the north west of the subcontinent, bordering China and the former Soviet Union. The main issue is that both countries are claiming this territory, based on religious reasons according to Pakistan considering the majority of population being Muslim and governmental reasons according to India because a Hindu Maharajah is ruling the area. The British India has been split up into three countries, Pakistan, India and East Pakistan. They have been divided by the population who were mainly Muslim in the north west and north east side of the subcontinent the Hindu in the central side. This partition caused a large human migration and from this point many violence have taken place across the region. The years 1946-1946 are the pre-conflict phase of this major conflict because after the partition of the British India, Kashmir had to choose whether they want to accede to Pakistan, India or to become Independent. The escalation to the First Kashmir War is taking place along the 1947 because Pakistan did not want Kashmir to accede to India therefore Lashkar tribesmen invaded the area so the ruler was forced to ask help from the Indian armed forces because he was facing internal revolts because the â€Å"Muslim peasants refused to pay their taxes to the Hindu landlords† (Stanley Wolpert, India and Pakistan, p22) and an external invasion because Pakistan wanted to â€Å"liberate Kashmir from Hindu control† (Stanley Wolpert, India and Pakistan, p22). The crisis phase during the First Kashmir War reaches the top between 1948 and 1949 when the Indian government responded with massive fighting against the Pakistan army, but then based on the aggression that came from Pakistan, India asked for the United Nations intervention in order to mediate the war. The intervention of the United Nations builds up the outcome of the war because both countries were forced to withdraw the troops and the tribal invaders. The Kashmir area had been split up in two territories by the ceasefire line and basically the north-western side of the region will be administered by Pakistan and the central, north-eastern side of Kashmir will be administered by India. The ceasefire line has been drawn based on the lawyers’ conclusions within the United Nations Security Council, which were based on the population wishes which showed that most of those who are living in the north-western part seemed to favour Pakistan and in the central and north-eastern part Hindu and Buddhists are majoritarian. The final decision has been taken in 1964 but until that, all the period was an â€Å"exacerbating Cold War†. (Stanley Wolpert, India and Pakistan, p27). Starting with the second decade of 1964 and the beginning of the 1965 the tensions are increasing because the United Nations ceasefire line could not stop the invaders to cross the border into the Indian administered Kashmir. This invasion took place because the Pakistani army general has been angry when India announced that the implementation of a constitution in Kashmir made the state part of the Indian Union. The confrontations rich the top and transform into a crisis when the Indian troops crossed the international border line to Lahore even if this was not the truest Indian intension. They only did that because the Pakistani army general dared the Indian army general to attack the defenceless capital but he actually didn’t believe that actually India could do that. After all these happened, the Pakistani general begged the US presidency to set a ceasefire line with India. At the very beginning of the 1966 as an outcome the Tashkent Agreement has been signed in Uzbekistan between both parties because each of the war actors were holding a territory from the other actor. This agreement has been signed under the following idea â€Å"Instead of fighting each other, fight against the poverty, disease and ignorance†. (Stanley Wolpert, India and Pakistan, p34). The situation is still quite tense because this outcome is still in a crisis moment when any spark could start the war again. Many revolts are taking place in Pakistan between 1966 and 1969. The student’s dormitories have been assaulted by the riots and most of the population in Lahore wanted to change the government. In both West and East Pakistan the martial law has been implemented by Ayub in the early 1969. Based on the martial law in Dhaka, the capital of East Pakistan most of the prisons have been filled up with political prisoners because the country wanted to become independent. Because of fast spread of the issues in both countries at the very beginning of 1971 the third war begins in East Pakistan and that is actually the transformation of East Pakistan into Bangladesh. The reason of this war is that the West Pakistan government did not accept the elected premier in East Pakistan to start his premiership. Basically the violence increases, reaching a top crisis when the West Pakistani air forces launched an attack over the north-western Indian airfields. After the actions India involves directly into the war and organizes an air, land and sea attach against the eastern Pakistani because most of the West Pakistani army was there. In March 1971 the western Pakistan army become war prisoners in Dhaka and the Bangladesh become independent, â€Å"reincarnated from the East Pakistan†. (Stanley Wolpert, India and Pakistan, p41). Right after that, in 1972 an outcome is on the way. Both Prime Ministers of Pakistan and India, meet in the Indian town of Shimla to sign an agreements where both parties promise to end up fighting and to start the promotion of a harmonious relationship and to establish a durable peace in the area. This agreement also transforms the ceasefire line into the Line of Control between these two countries. Following in the 1974, India’s state government affirms that Kashmir is part of the Indian Union but the Pakistan’s government rejects an accord that both countries had to sign in respects of the sharing region. In May the same year, India organizes the underground detonation of a nuclear bomb on its territory in order to show the nuclear power that the country has. 1988 is a very interesting year because reaches the lowest rate of violence since the whole conflict started and both sides signed an agreement which says that none of them will attack the nuclear facilities of the other’s. However, in 1989 a sharp rise of deaths transforms Kashmir again into a crisis because a resistance against the Indian rule began in the valley. Actually this resistance is happening because the Muslim Parties in the region accused the Indian government of intervention on the 1987 state’s legislative elections. At the same time India accuses Pakistan of providing weapons and training to the protestors in the valley but the Pakistani government denies everything. In 1990 the situation has still a crisis character because of the protests in Kashmir but in 1991 even if the tensions are still high rated, both countries manage to sign another agreement where they decide to provide advance notification regarding any military movement in order to protect th e airspace violation and in 1992 they sign a non-nuclear aggression agreement which prohibits both countries to use chemical weapons against each other. Between 1996-1999 there is an escalation because of several clashes between the military officers at the Line of Control. In 1998 begins a nuclear race between India and Pakistan because of the detonation responses between them but happily they end up being sanctioned by the international rule. Sadly in 1999 the confrontations transform into a crisis again because the Pakistan forces are taking strategic positions on the Indian side of the Line of Control. As a counter offensive Indian forces fights and manage to move the Pakistan army back on their side. This conflict is called Cargill war because of the location where took place and is the first one that happened right after both countries showed their nuclear power creating a worldwide fear of the possibility that one of both countries could use the nuclear bomb. In 2000 and 2001 the tensions in Kashmir valley are still very high plus the administrative leader of the region of India to start a military operation against the Pakistani training camps, but in July 2001 both Prime Ministers meet in a Summit in order to discuss about the core issue in Kashmir but they couldn’t come to an agreement. In December the same year the situation is still in a massive crisis because the Indian Parliament has been attacked and they continued to fight along the Line of Control until happily the war has ended thank to the international intervention. In 2002 both sides try to define an outcome despise the risky tensions and in 2003 they decide to stop fighting, following a quiet period until 2004 when both Prime Ministers meet within another Summit and decide to withdraw the troops from the Line of Control because the situation has been improved in the area. At the moment the conflict is still blurry an in outcome stage because during 2010 and 2011 minor bomb attacks happened in New Delhi but obviously the number of deaths decreased drastically bellow 100. As a conclusion what I would say is that, this is a quite complicated and long conflict with a very dynamic pattern. Despite of the several signed agreements both parties just couldn’t stop fighting from what it is considered to be theirs and as you can clearly see the conflict is still debated even if there is no crisis situation.