Utilization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Utilization Management - Essay Example Concurrent utilization however has certain strengths as well as some weaknesses. The strengths of the concurrent utilization review pertain to the fact that the concurrent utilization review can highlight the differences and discrepancies that exit in the different business processes across an industry. Moreover the concurrent utilization theory can also highlight the responsibility and accountability factor in the different processes and how it is being handled by the different firms. (Schlesinger & Gray, 1997) The other advantage of the concurrent approach for utilization review is that multiple entities can be thoroughly and comprehensively reviewed in terms of their workflows and utilization strategies. The effect of the different firms and their strategies for operation and utilization can also be studies through the concurrent utilization review. As a result the professional autonomy of the system is clearly depicted in a comparative manner, enabling the reviewer to cross check and compare the results with the review of other similar firms in the same industry. Conclusively it can be depicted that three strengths of the concurrent utilization rev... The reasons that justify this selection of strengths of the concurrent review for utilization pertain to the fact that professional autonomy and effects of accountability are specially and clearly depicted by the concurrent utilization review. They are the most important element ion any business, specifically in the medical field as in the subject case study. The analysis of the work flow and business processes for utilization as per the utilization review helps the end user in linking responsibility and autonomy to the different actors and the functions in the business process. 2. Identify two weaknesses of concurrent utilization review which you believe to be a significant issue. Discuss how the weakness has been compensated for, if at all, and your opinion as to whether you believe it may just eventually compromise the benefits of concurrent utilization review. The main objective of the concurrent utilization review is to make sure that the peoples/ patients in the inpatients as well as the outpatients function or departments have to stay the minimum required and needed time in the facility. This is to ensure that the other patients waiting in line for service and attention can be providing the medical care facility in the hospital and medical centers without congestion and lack of service quality in the facility and aid provided to them. This basically means that the workflow for the incoming and the treatment of the patients has to be managed and utilized in order to ensure that all customers get a standardized form of treatment in the medical facility. As mentioned earlier this is one of the main strengths of the concurrent utilization review. The weakness of

Maritime security requirements Essay Example for Free

Maritime security requirements Essay Maritime security refers to the security offered to the shipping industry in a country. It refers to the measures taken by the government to ensure that the port, the employers, the employees as well as the equipments in the ports are well guarded from threats which face them. The ports face risks which may arise due to unlawful acts done on them or even on the persons stationed in them. Strategic planning to cub any uncertainty is thus essential for the well being of a nation and its citizens. The security of a country like the United States is dependent on the security of the world’s oceans. There are different forms of threats which face the maritime security. To attain maritime security, it is thus vital to combine the efforts of both the public and private sectors globally. Maritime security may also be used to refer to the comprehensive security for the international shipping which started functioning on July 2004. It forms part of the IMO’s activities. This is a security practice code which is exercised in ports which is meant to compliment the international ships and the port equipments security. The IMO/ILO code was implemented to offer security for the whole port area and was approved in March 2004. IMO is an acronym for international maritime organization while ILO refers to the international labor organization. IMO code of practice is not binding and should not replace the laws and regulations of a country. It does not affect the fundamental rights and principles of the workers as provided by the ILO document or the workers access to the ports or terminals and even the vessels. The IMO is thus used to provide guidance to member countries on how to deal with matters relating to security in the ports. It also helps in identifying a government’s roles and responsibilities as well as for those of the employers and their employees (Pugh, 1994). The main objective of the formation of the code of practice relating to security on the ports was to enable all the stakeholders including the government minimize the risks which may be incurred by the port due to unlawful acts in the port. It was also intended to provide a common basis of approach to security on ports amongst affiliated states. This code also sought to extend the area covered by port security to include the whole port. Threats and measures used to combat maritime security Maritime insecurity has been on the rise for the past few years with terrorists using this domain to attack most countries. This has called for strict measures to ensure such attacks are reduced or eliminated. For maritime security to be attained, a number of plans have to be put in place to address the different forms of maritime security. These plans form the basic requirements for successful attaining of maritime security. One of the plans which are vital is a national plan to create and achieve Maritime’s domain awareness. After creating a national awareness, a global integration of intelligence is important and hence its plan. A single country may not be in a position to fight and lead to maritime security thus the need to cooperate with other countries. Other plans are the maritime infrastructure plan and the maritime security plans. The security plans includes the transportation plan, the commerce plan and the facilities plan. Before the formulation of these plans, the country needs to understand the threats which maritime environment faces (Hawkes, 1989). For a country to formulate the measures it has to take to attain maritime security, it needs to evaluate the threats the oceans are exposed to which in turn affect the countries stability. Different countries have adopted different measures to ensure that their ports are safe. The most common threats that face the oceans include the threat to the maritime security itself. Today’s maritime environment is marked by complexity and ambiguity thus making it difficult to maintain and protect it. This is more pronounced in the maritime environment. This is enhanced by the operations carried out at the sea which exposes the countries to acts of terrorism. These kinds of attack are more dangerous and pure military actions may not be effective in fighting them. They thus require other measures and the countries exposed to such threats must device ways to combat them. Advancement in telecommunications and the expansion of the international and commercial logistics have led to an increase in the range and also the effects which arise due to the terrorist attacks. They have made it possible to enter even the borders considered to be most secure with great speed and for greater distances. Terrorists take advantage of such capabilities and cause great damage globally and also in the political and economic environment (Higgie, 2005). Maritime domain could also be used to export illegal goods to other countries thus posing a threat to the other country. Strict measures are thus required to cub this and to ensure that all transported goods are of high standards and are not harmful to the citizens in a country. Terrorism acts are rampant in the maritime domain. Fighting these threats is becoming more difficult since different terrorist groups from different countries have joined together due to the improved telecommunications. They also operate under the shadows thus making it hard to fight them. Cooperation amongst the member states is required to maintain maritime security. The increasing international trade through the maritime domain has also led to increased maritime related criminal activities. Such activities include smuggling of drugs and weapons to or out of a country. People smuggling has also been on the rise in the maritime domain especially in areas characterized by heavy commercial seas activities. In countries with unstable political environment, this is more rampant. Illegal immigration through the sea has been rampant in the recent past thus posing a major threat to maritime security and also to the economic and political stability of a country (Pugh, 1994). The main objective for the countries faced by these maritime threats is to eliminate or reduce the activities which pose these threats. One of the major steps towards preventing the terrorist attacks and other criminal and unlawful acts is through monitoring and controlling or patrolling the maritime borders. High seas areas which are of national interest should be safeguarded. Detecting and stopping criminal activities before they are committed is the main aim of the countries exposed to maritime threats. To be effective in detecting the threats to maritime security, the country has to be aware of the threat and have detective capabilities. Such knowledge helps in deterring and also defeating adversaries early enough before much damage have been caused (Higgie, 2005). Another objective of a country in cubing maritime insecurity is by protecting the critical maritime infrastructure and also the related population centers. All the main and important infrastructures both physical and network operations should be guarded by military facilities for security purposes. Population should also be controlled so as to make it difficult for people to collect information which could be used in committing criminal maritime acts. Overcrowding in the ports makes it easier for illegal immigration and smuggling of goods and people. The responsibility of protecting these infrastructures should be taken up by both the private and public sectors. A country should also work towards minimizing the damages which may arise in the maritime domain. Safeguarding the maritime domain and their resources from exploitation is another aim of a country (Pugh, 1994). For a country to attain maritime security, there are a number of things or requirement that it has to meet. There are no international standards which have been set to control, regulate or maintain maritime security and thus a country has to set its own standards and work towards maintaining maritime securities. However, as mentioned earlier the international maritime organization has set guidelines which a country may apply in dealing with maritime related issues. Attaining maritime security is a continuous activity especially with the emergence of different activities which are posing threats to maritime security. International cooperation and coordination is vital in achieving maritime security. Information sharing and also intelligence assistance are also vital in effective elimination of maritime insecurity. Public and private sectors should also work in cooperation to attain and secure maritime security (Hawkes, 1989). The minimum requirement is the acquiring of an identification card of maritime security. This card shows that the holder has been checked from his background and thus can work in the port unescorted. This card covers the seafarers and the persons working or who supply oil and gas facilities offshore. This card mainly operates in the Australian waters. For one to qualify to be given unmonitored access to the maritime security zone, one should not have an adverse criminal record and should be a citizen. If he is not a citizen, he must have a right to work in the country. Automatic identification systems are also a requirement in maritime security. These systems are supposed to be installed on commercial vessels which are on international voyage. This may include vessels used in fishing and even passenger vessels which are over 65’ in length (Office of the Press Secretary, 2003). Prescreening cargo before lading is also another requirement for attaining maritime security. All international cargos should be examined before they are allowed into a country to ascertain their safety and to eliminate possibilities of threats. Procedures to enforce action against a cargo suspected to be carrying illegal commodities or terrorists into or out of a country should be formulated. These procedures should be implemented and enforced to reduce the possibility of a repeat of the same action. Seizing cargo procedures should also be implemented and streamlined for easier confiscation of the goods or persons (Bahar, 2007). One of the vital requirements in achieving maritime security is by enhancing international cooperation amongst the member states. The oceans cover more than two thirds of the earth’s surface. As such, no single country can achieve maritime security on its own. Cooperation with other countries is thus a vital tool in achieving maritime security. Countries which are interested in attaining maritime security and are willing to fight terrorism and other maritime crime come together to device ways to combat these crimes. These countries should seek to understand the threats and prioritize them according to there urgency. Unified actions and plans are then implemented to reduce maritime insecurity (Hawkes, 1989). To enhance this cooperation, the nations should endeavor to standardize international security to ensure that all the goods and people going to a country through the maritime domain are not a threat to the citizens that country. The use of automated systems should be implemented to register maritime vessels, their ownership and also their operations. The crew operating them should also be registered as well as the cargo being transported to enhance transparency. The member states should also develop a mutual fund ensure effective and efficient implementation of measures to interdict criminals before the damages are done. The means of rapid exchanges amongst the government and intelligence agencies should also be enforced by the law and suspected criminals should be persecuted. Streamlined procedures should also be adopted to verify vessels nationality so as to take appropriate enforcement measures on time (Bahar, 2007). Another requirement for maritime security is the foreign vessel security plans. This requirement has a provision that members of SOLAS are not required to produce their security plans to coast guards for their vessels to be approved. However, those who are not affiliated to this group of SOLAS have to produce their security plans before being allowed to enter into a country. Their security plan should also comply with the measures which are stipulated in the trade agreement. SOLAS is an acronym for safety of life at seas. A vessel not complying with these requirements is denied entrance to a country. This is in operation in the united stated (Office of the Press Secretary, 2003). Vessel security plans is also another requirement for ensuring maritime security. All vessels are required to have security plans before being allowed to move in the American waters. This requirement however exempts vessels which carry less than one hundred and fifty passengers without considering the number of overnight passengers in the vessel. Other vessels exempted in this provision are the drilling units which are non self propelling and are operated offshore. Industrial vessels like the dredges are also exempted from the security plans provision for vessels. Facilities are supposed to come up with their individual plans for security. Exempted in this requirement are facilities which only service the passenger vessels but whose vessels do not carry passengers. Others are the public access facilities which are purely used for recreation and retail purposes by the public. Vessels which the public uses for entertainment and tourist purposes are also exempted. The owners and the operators of these exempted facilities are held responsible and are supposed to implement necessary security measures. These measures are supposed to comply with the area security plan (Office of the Press Secretary, 2003). These requirements are made possible and viable by offering assistance and training to the maritime security operators. Economic assistance is also vital in ensuring that maritime security among the nations is attained. Another way that the governments have done to ensure maritime security is maintained is by expanding the international port and maritime security officer programs. This ensures that the diverse threats posed by unlawful acts are minimized and awareness is created. The number of agency attaches has also been increased (Pugh, 1994). Deploying layered security is also another requirement for ensuring that maritime security is achieved and maintained. A system of layered security ensures that the capabilities of the member governments and those of commercial interests are integrated globally. Both the public and the private sectors can help in controlling terrorism activities if they could act in concert. These two sectors may use diverse though complementary measures to eliminate the criminal acts instead of relying on the government alone. A layered approach is not a static approach but keeps on being improved. These changes serve to create uncertainty thus reducing the possibility of terrorist attacks. This approach is mainly used in the most vulnerable areas like the marine transportation sector, passenger and cargo ferrying, staff and also in conveyances. It is also effective in ports and also the route of transportation (Bahar, 2007). Maximizing domain awareness is a vital tool in eliminating threats and maintaining peace and security in the maritime environment. Understanding the trends and all the events in a domain helps to predict likely events and also the possible threats facing a certain domain. Prior knowledge of the threats is important for securing the security of a maritime domain and also helps in reducing detrimental events. In trying to gain knowledge of the possible threats, the government and all the stakeholders should aim at trying to understand who their enemies are and their capabilities and also their goals. Factors influencing their behavior and also their organizational structure should be analyzed. A vital area is learning the adversary’s weak points and also the centers of their gravity. This knowledge is used in planning the course of action and also in deciding and prioritizing the allocation of resources. Awareness of maritime domain thus helps in earlier identification of threats and thus prompts appropriate actions to be taken to prevent such attacks (Higgie, 2005). Conclusion Maritime security as discussed above is not only vital to the seas environment but also affects the whole country and the world in general. No single country is immune to maritime threats and as such, all the countries should work together to attain maritime security. Creating awareness may be costly but should be advocated for to ensure that terrorist attacks and other criminal and hostile acts are recognized and deterred. Stern measures should be undertaken by the international body concerned with maritime security on countries that collude or allow terrorist to operate from their waters. Those convicted of violating maritime security should be persecuted and heavy punishment imposed so as to deter others from engaging in similar acts. However, while dealing with matters relating to maritime security, extra care should be taken. Damages caused by criminal acts via maritime domain may be devastating thus caution should be exercised. The countries should also strive at protecting the maritime domain from exploitation so as to preserve the ecosystem of the country as well as that of the aquatic life. Reference: Bahar M. (2007): Attaining Optimal Deterrence at Sea: A Legal and Strategic Theory for Naval Anti-Piracy Operations Journal article of Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 40 Hawkes K. G. (1989): Maritime Security. ISBN 087033395X. Published by Cornell Maritime Press Higgie D. (2005): Combating Terrorism: Dell Higgie Surveys the International Counter-Terrorism Scene. Journal article of New Zealand International Review, Vol. 30 Office of the Press Secretary. (2003): Fact Sheet: Maritime Security Requirements. Retrieved on 10th December 2008 from, http://www. dhs. gov/xnews/releases/press_release_0282. shtm. Pugh M. C. (1994): Maritime Security and Peacekeeping: A Framework for United Nations Operations. ISBN 0719045630. Published by Manchester University Press

Exploring Conscience and Motive: Man is NOT a Machine :: Philosophy Essays

Exploring Conscience and Motive: Man is NOT a Machine Many philosophers believe that all human action stems from desire or motive or urge or some such thing. On this view, if men ever do the good or the right it is because in some sense they desire to. Perhaps the desire to do the right is sometimes nothing more than the pressures of past societal or parental training, or conceivably it might stem from some sort of social instinct planted deep within us, or more likely it stems from the realization that it is in the long-term interest of the agent. But in any case it is supposed that men do not act independently of some kind of desire. Consider the stark expression of this view from an important ethical theorist, Richard Brandt: . . . action-tendencies are a multiplicative function of valences (occurrent desires and aversions), and hence . . . an action-tendency is always zero in magnitude if there is no valence attached to the contemplated action itself or its expected outcome . . . no intentional action will occur without desire or aversion directed at it or its outcome, and hence no rational, ideally criticized action will take place without desire or aversion. (If some philosophers have thought, as some seem to have done, that a person can do his duty even if so doing is not positively valenced for him . . . , perhaps 'out of respect' for duty in some sense, they were wrong; and their psychology of morality needs basic revision.)1 This appears to be a purely mechanistic view of human action. Exactly the same thing as Brandt says of human action could be said of the movement of billiard balls . A billiard ball does not move unless there is a positive valence in the direction of its movement. This view has a powerful appeal to the human imagination,--so much so that many philosophers find it self-evident, and find that they are unable even to conceive an alternative. Paul Henle, speaking of an approach to ethics which seems to deny that men always act from desire, flatly declares that such an approach creates "an insoluble problem of ethical motivation".2 On the other hand, there is a remarkable tradition, mainly derived from Kant, which denies that human action must always be understood as stemming from desires and motives. This tradition acknowledges of course that men are often and even usually motivated by desire.

The Analysis of Kaiser and the War by Simon J. Ortiz

Simon J. Ortiz is a Native American who was born on May 27, 1941 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He belongs to the Acoma Pueblo tribe. He is considered as one of the most respected Native American writer. He grew up in the Acoma village of McCartys and spoke his native tongue of Keresan with his family. Ortiz’s father was a railroad and a wood carver. As a member of the Acoma Pueblo tribe, his father was tasked to preserve the tradition and religious beliefs of the clan (Wiget, 1994, p. 115)Simon J. Ortiz went to the McCartys Day School and then to St. Catherine’s Indian School in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In school, Native Americans were prohibited to speak their native language. Ortiz had a difficult time assimilating with the new culture he was exposed to. He began to write in his diary his experiences and create short stories. He channeled his energy to read books (p.117)While studying away from his family, Ortiz can’t bear his loneliness and returned to his hometown . He enrolled at the Albuquerque Indian School. The school is a vocational school which taught the students plumbing and mechanics. Ortiz learned metal and woodworking. After graduating from Grants High School in Grants, New Mexico, Ortiz worked at Kerr-McGee uranium plant. His experience at the mining plant inspired him to write his work, â€Å"Fight Back: For the Sake of the people, for the Sake of the Land† (p.123)Through an educational grant, Simon J. Ortiz was able to attend Fort Lewis College and he majored in Chemistry (p.125).Simon Ortiz’s Career PathOrtiz served the U.S. Military for three years. Fresh from the army, he enrolled at the University of New Mexico. He pursued his passion for writing and he was able to write his life experiences as a Native American. In 1968, he became a fellow at the University of Iowa. â€Å"In 1982, he was made an editor at the Pueblo of the Acoma Press. In 1988, he was tasked to be an interpreter for the Acoma Pueblo tribe and the following year Ortiz became the First Lieutenant Governor for the clan† (p.130)Throughout the years, Ortiz was recognized and given numerous awards for his literary works. He received the Pushcart prize for his work â€Å"From Sand Creek: Rising in This Heart Which Is Our America†. He was also given the Lifetime Achievement Award for his work â€Å"Returning the Gift† (p.133)Literary ThemesSimon J. Ortiz presented issues common to people particularly the plight of his Acoma Pueblo tribe. His work discusses themes of â€Å"alienation, colonialism, Native American struggles, the environment and the effects of technology† (Native American Literature, 1985, p.178)â€Å"Kaiser and the War†We can not divorce the life of the author from his art because his life experiences have a profound influence on his literary works. A case in point is Simon Ortiz’s short story, Kaiser and the War.The story revolves around a man who had little knowledge of the English language;   Kaiser, the protagonist opposed the idea of being enlisted in the U.S. Military Service. As a result, he escaped to the Black Mesa Mountains while being pursued by the county sheriff and the draft board agents. As I see it, Kaiser avoided the draft because he feels that the war is senseless. Like most Native Americans who mostly lived in their communities,   he does not feel an affinity towards mainstream America. So, why would he go to war? His flight for avoiding the draft is the only way he could free himself from the dictates of the Americansociety. It is a   sense of freeing himself physically and spiritually.. It is also a way of expressing his desire to return to his roots and his essence as a human being.   His escape to some extent provided him the option of dealing with his chaotic life.   However, Kaiser’s escape did not only alienate him even more from the society; it also alienated him from his family. Finally after years of hidi ng, Kaiser surrendered and he was sent to jail for escaping the draft. After serving his time in prison, Kaiser becomes isolated from society. From this experience, Kaiser succumbed to depression. He was unable to keep his life together after what transpired. He failed to reunite with his family. In the end, he lived alone and died a broken man.The themes of alienation and separation surround the story. In the Norton Anthology of American Literature, Nina Baym, â€Å"implies that this theme represents the Native Americans’ struggle†, (Baym, 1997, p.2778). The story also include events that transpired in Ortiz’s life like his childhood experiences in school where he had limited knowledge of the English language and lastly, his enlistment to the U.S. Military. The tale appears to link the past and the present with regards to feelings of alienation and separation (Encyclopedia of American Literature, 1998, p. 858).The Economic, Social and Political Conditions of th e Native Americans TodayTowards the 21st century, the themes of alienation and displacement thrive in the Native American communities. They are always dealing with issues and struggling to keep up with the changes in the American society.Many Native American tribes seek to be recognized by the government. There are currently ‘561 Native American tribes recognized by the U.S. government. These tribes are designated to have their own form of government, to enact laws, to establish tribal memberships, to issue license and regulate activities† (The U.S. Relationship to American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes, 2005).Today, Native American Indians continue to be a part of the American landscape and in the U.S. economy. Native American tribes established their own governments that offer services in law enforcement and disaster management. Most of the Native American tribes have their own legal system to settle disputes (Bureau of Indian Affairs, 2006).Gambling has become a big industry for the Native Americans. Most casinos operated by the Native American governments are seen profitable and has encouraged business diversification (Columbia Law Review, 2006).Sadly, most people are unaware of the plight and struggle of the Native American communities. For many Native Americans they still believe that they are still outsiders in the country and many feel that they are mistreated by the general public.Simon Ortiz used his own personal experiences from to shape his story. He tried to reach his audience by exposing the issues that surrounds the Native American community and their continued plight. His works reveal that the Native Americans want to restore their sense of â€Å"self† in order for them to fight for their rights and preserve their way of life.ReferencesA Resolution By the Native American Caucus. (2006). http//:www.turtletrack.org 8 February  2006. Retrieved on 15 December 2007.Baym, Nina. (1997). Norton American Anthology of American Lite rature. (p.2778). London:Oxford University Press.Bureau of Indian Affairs. (2006). http//:www.doiu.nbc.gov/orientation. 8 February 2006.Retrieved on 15 December 2006.Encyclopedia of American Literature. (1998). (p.858). Connecticut: Greenwood Press.Kaplan, Karen. (2005). Ancestry In A Drop Of Blood. http//:www.racesci.org. 30 August2005. Retrieved on 15 December 2007.Mixing Bodies and Beliefs: The Predicament of Tribes. (2006).Columbia Law Review.http//:www.columbia.org. 8 February 2006. Retrieved on 15 December 2007.Rock, Roger O. (1985).Native American Literature. Connecticut: Greenwood Press.The Black Mesa Syndrome: Indian Lands, Black Gold. (2006).http//:www.shundahai.org.8 February 2006. Retrieved on 15 December 2007.The Mukeman Ohlone. (2007). http//:www.mukema.org. 22 June 2007. Retrieved on 15December 2007.The U.S. Relationship to American Indian and Alaska Native Tribe. (2006). http//:www.usinfo.state.gov.8 February 2006. Retrieved 15 December 2007.ReferencesWalking A Mile: A Qualitative Study Exploring How Indians and Non-Indians Think AboutEach Other. (2007). http//:www.publicagenda.org. 7 December 2007. Retrieved 15December 2007.Wiget, Andrew. (1994). Dictionary of Native American Literature. (pp.115-133). New York:Garland Press.

Poverty in Latin America Essay

This paper will discuss the poverty in Latin America. Latin America has always been in poverty and although there have been some ups and downs, the poverty level remains great. First, we will discuss the region that is known as Latin America, the determining factors of poverty, the statistics and history of the poverty in Latin America and the future of the poverty in Latin America. Latin America refers to the areas of America in which the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail. These areas include Mexico, most of Central and South America, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Brazil. Latin America can be subdivided into different regions, such as North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean. (Wikipedia, Retrieved 2010). Latin America consists of many different ethnic backgrounds and races. It is one of the most diverse regions in the world. Some of the predominant races/backgrounds include European-Amerindians (Mestizo), Amerindians, European, Mulatto, Black, Asian and Zambo (mixed Black and Amerindian). Latin America continues to be challenged by inequality and poverty. Poverty is defined as, â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. † (Merriam-Webster, Retrieved 2010). According to the World Bank, nearly 25% of the population of Latin America lives on less than $2. 00 a day. At least 182 million people are living in poverty in Latin America and at least 68 million people are living in extreme poverty. Poverty is defined as living on less than $2. 15 per person per day and extreme poverty as living on less than $1. 08 per person per day. â€Å"The poverty rate in Latin America was halved from 60% in 1950 to less than 30% in 2000. However, during the same time period income inequality remained more or less the same, making both poverty reduction and economic growth more difficult; as in other countries with a wide income gap—even developed ones—the challenge is to increase the incomes of the lower economic groups at a faster rate than those of the wealthier groups. In reality, economic growth rarely works this way. Latin American income inequality is drastic: the average annual per capita income is $4,000, but the region is home to many millionaires and billionaires. The fourth richest person in the world, Carlos Slim, whose worth was estimated at $23. 8 billion in 2005, is Mexican. † (Poverty in the Developing World, Retrieved 2010). Articles state, however, that these numbers are deceiving in that rising above the official poverty rate by a few cents or even a dollar does not mean you are any better off. People in this situation are still impoverished and are living in a way that they are unable to provide for themselves much less their family, if any. Certain areas in Latin America are worse than others. Bolivia has the highest poverty and inequality rate. Haiti is just behind Bolivia. Following Haiti are Colombia, Paraguay, Brazil, Panama, Nicaragua, Uruguay and Mexico. Many of these countries have responded to poverty by implementing new or modifying old social assistance programs. Social assistance programs are programs developed to assist the poor. The main aspects of the current social assistance programs are (1) conditional cash transfer, which is where cash is transferred directly into the household based on certain conditions, such as children attending school and doctor visits; (2) the household; (3) targeting the poorest; and (4) being multidimensional in that they are able to assist many dimensions of poverty at once. The future of Latin America is vague and unknown. Latin America has consistently been impoverished but the percentage fluctuates. Many programs are available to the public in order to help Latin America and the people thereof. I believe the people themselves and the entire dynamic of Latin America will need to change before the poverty levels change significantly. Donations and charities may help but they will only scratch the surface. The issues of Latin America are deep and need to be dug up and dealt with by the people of Latin America. In conclusion, we see that this is a current problem that is steadily being addressed and researched. Latin America needs help and resources in order to come out of poverty. They also must make changes within their own system so that the help can be well received and utilized to the fullest.

Brief History of Cod Fishing

Brief History of Cod Fishing The cods importance to American history is undeniable. It was cod that attracted Europeans to North America for short-term fishing trips and eventually enticed them to stay. The cod became one of the most sought-after fish in the North Atlantic, and it was its popularity that caused its enormous decline and the precarious situation today. Native Americans Long before Europeans arrived and discovered America, Native Americans fished along its shores, using hooks they made from bones and nets made from natural fibers. Cod bones such as otoliths (an ear bone) are plentiful in Native American middens, indicating they were an important part of the Native American diet. Earliest Europeans The Vikings and Basques were some of the first Europeans to travel to the coast of North America and harvest and cure cod. Cod was dried until it was hard, or cured using salt so that it was preserved for a long period of time. Eventually, explorers such as Columbus and Cabot discovered the New World. Descriptions of the fish indicate that cod were as big as men, and some say that fishermen could scoop the fish out of the sea in baskets. Europeans concentrated their cod fishing efforts in Iceland for awhile, but as conflicts grew, they began fishing along the coast of Newfoundland and what is now New England. Pilgrims and Cod In the early 1600s, John Smith charted out New England. When determining where to flee, the Pilgrims studied Smiths map and were intrigued by the label Cape Cod. They were determined to profit from fishing, although according to Mark Kurlansky, in his book Cod: a Biography of the Fish That Changed the World, they knew nothing about fishing, (p. 68) and while the Pilgrims were starving in 1621, there were British ships filling their holds with fish off the New England coast. Believing they would receive blessings if they took pity on the Pilgrims and assisted them, the local Native Americans showed them how to catch cod and use the parts not eaten as fertilizer. They also introduced the Pilgrims to quahogs, steamers, and lobster, which they eventually ate in desperation. Negotiations with the Native Americans led to our modern-day celebration of Thanksgiving, which would not have occurred if the Pilgrims did not sustain their stomachs and farms with cod. The Pilgrims eventually established fishing stations in Gloucester, Salem, Dorchester, and Marblehead, Massachusetts, and Penobscot Bay, in what is now Maine. Cod was caught using handlines, with larger vessels sailing out to fishing grounds and then sending two men in dories to drop a line in the water. When a cod was caught, it was pulled up by hand. Triangle Trade Fish were cured by drying and salting and marketed in Europe. Then a triangle trade developed that linked  cod to slavery and rum. High-quality cod was sold in Europe, with the colonists purchased European wine, fruit and other products. Then traders then went to the Caribbean, where they sold a low-end cod product called West India cure to feed the burgeoning slave population, and bought sugar, molasses (used to make rum in the colonies), cotton, tobacco, and salt. Eventually, New Englanders also transported slaves to the Caribbean. Cod fishing continued and made the colonies prosperous. Modernization of Fishing In the 1920s-1930s, more sophisticated and effective methods, such as gillnets and draggers were used. Commercial cod catches increased throughout the 1950s. Fish processing techniques also expanded. Freezing techniques and filleting machinery eventually led to the development of fish sticks, marketed as a healthy convenience food. Factory ships started catching fish and freezing it out at sea. Fishing Collapse Technology improved and fishing grounds became more competitive. In the U.S., the Magnuson Act of 1976 prohibited foreign fisheries from entering the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) - 200 miles around the U.S. With the absence of foreign fleets, the optimistic U.S. fleet expanded, causing a greater decline in fisheries. Today, New England cod fishermen face strict regulations on their catch. Cod Today The commercial cod catch has decreased greatly since the 1990s due to strict regulations on cod fishing. This has led to an increase in cod populations. According to NMFS, cod stocks on Georges Bank and the Gulf of Maine are rebuilding to target levels, and the Gulf of Maine stock is no longer considered overfished. Still, the cod you eat in seafood restaurants may no longer be Atlantic cod, and fishsticks are now more commonly made of other fish such as pollock. Sources CC Today. 2008. Deconstructing Thanksgiving: A Native American View. (Online). Cape Cod Today. Accessed November 23, 2009. Kurlansky, Mark. 1997. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. Walker and Company, New York. Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Brief History of the Groundfishing Industry of New England (Online). Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Accessed November 23, 2009.

Global Operations Plan-World Fashion-China

Global Operations Plan-World Fashion-China Executive SummaryTeam B is an enthusiastic organization consisting of six of the industry's brightest individuals. We are comprised of technological experts, business professionals, and fashion industry experts. Together, we have more than 100 years of experience in the fashion and retail industry.Our goal is to offer our Chinese consumers an alternative method for purchasing the latest fashions. We take ordinary catalogue shopping to a new level by offering a virtual online catalogue. Our customers are able to mix and match any apparel and accessory in the catalogue and see how it would look like on a virtual model with a similar body shape as the customer. No longer will customers need to take a chance on purchasing various garments and accessories just to find out they are not to their liking.Much research has been conducted to ensure that Team B enters the Chinese market successfully. A joint venture with one of China's most successful and prestigious retailers will allow Team B to enter China; while reducing any political or economic risks.ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã§Å" Ã¤ » ½Ã¤ º ºÃ¥ â€¡GDP分å ¸Æ' Chinese province-level...Team B will become well recognized in China and with the Chinese government with time and the company will be able to establish itself more independently. This plan will allow Team B to build a rapport with both the great people of China and the government.Team B's product will be offered throughout China to offer the fashion-conscientious customer a wide variety of today's latest fashions from Asia, Europe, and North America. As China continues to prosper and grow, Team B's product will be able to offer its customers; elegance and appropriate business attire that will make them stand out at affordable prices.Mission StatementMission statement: To be our customer's first choice in retail clothing by offering them the latest designs from Asia, Europe, and North America...

Which High School Classes Do Ivy League Schools Require

Which High School Classes Do Ivy League Schools Require SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips College admissions can seem like a giant puzzle, especially if you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League or other extremely selective school. Planning your high school schedule carefully is definitely important, but these schools' expectations aren’t as inflexible as you might think they are. In this article, I’ll provide a conciseoverview of what Ivy League admission requirements are forhigh school transcripts and give you some tips on how to map out your classes so you have the best shot at being accepted. What Are Ivy League Schools Looking For in Your Transcript? Ivy League schools want to see students who have consistently challenged themselves throughout high schoolby taking progressively more advanced courses and earning high grades. Here area few examples of Ivy League admission requirements from the school websites so you can see exactly what they say about their expectations for applicants' transcripts. All bold emphasis is mine. Yale â€Å"It is very important that we see a high level (or an improving degree) of rigor and success throughout your high school years.† â€Å"When the admissions committee looks at your transcript, it will not focus on whether you have taken any specific course. It will be far more interested to see that you have challenged yourself with difficult coursework and have done well.† Columbia â€Å"We hope to see that a student is challenging herself or himself with a rigorous course load.† â€Å"The admissions process at Columbia is a 'holistic' one, taking many factors into careful consideration. We do not rely on standardized testing and grades alone and instead look at all parts of every application to help inform our judgment.† Dartmouth â€Å"The majority of applicants have taken the following courses: 4 years of English 4 years of mathematics (often through calculus, if available) 4 years of social science 4 years of laboratory science 4 years of a foreign language† â€Å"Here’s what we want to know: Given the courses that your school offers, have you enrolled in a challenging curriculum? Have you had academic success that suggests that you'll thrive in the classroom at Dartmouth? If we answer YES to these two questions, then we look deeper into your application to better understand your particular areas of academic strength and weakness, subjects that interest you most, and your motivation for learning.† Based on these statements, you can expect a comprehensive review of your application by admissions officers at Ivy League schools, with an eye toward overall course rigor combined with impressive grades. If you’re taking the most challenging courses available at your high school and earning high grades, you’re on your way to a strong application.In the next section, I’ll talk more specifically about which classes you should take if you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League school. Start strong and stay on track. Keep running in circles until you realize that you have homework to do and this was just a metaphor. Which Classes Should You Actually Take? If you want to get into an Ivy League school, you’ll need to take the highest level classes that are available to you (usually Honors and AP courses) in most subjects.These schools expect you to challenge yourself more and more throughout high school and earn high grades up through your senior year. That being said, you don’t have to go crazy with a million APs senior yearto show how much you’ve grown.If you have a strong interest in math and science, for example, and aren't such a fan of English and foreign languages, you might be able to get by without taking the most difficult classes in your weaker subject areas. As long as you show that you are an extremely strong student in your specific area of interest (and have relevant extracurricular achievements to back it up), you will have a solid chance at Ivy League colleges. We saw in the section above that the majority of Dartmouth applicants have taken four classes in each core subject,which isn't too out of the ordinary.To give an even less demanding example of curriculum requirements for applicants, Princeton expects students to take four years of math (with calculus for students interested in engineering), English, and foreign language, and at least two years each of history and lab science.This is a perfectly reasonable expectation for almost any high school student. The mentality of â€Å"the more classes the better† can be very harmful.Don't overload yourself with extra courses in which you could end up dropping the ball.A failing grade is not something you want on your transcript, no matter how many hard classes you take! If you’re looking to fill out your schedule beyond the core curriculum, decide which subject areas are of special interest to you, and then take the most challenging classes or electivesavailable in those areas. Don't put yourself in a situation in which you're doing the academic equivalent of one-handed no-legged (?) pushups and trying desperately not to fumble. I'll give you a sample of what your core course record might look like in high school if you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League school. This isn't the be-all and end-all of schedules, so don't feel as though you have to copy it. It's just helpful to see everything laid out: Freshman Year Honors French 2 Honors Geometry Honors English Honors World History Honors Science and Engineering Sophomore Year Honors French 3 Honors Algebra 2 Honors English AP US History AP Biology Junior Year Honors French 4 Honors Pre-Calculus Honors English AP Government AP Chemistry Senior Year AP French AP Calculus AP Literature AP Psychology Honors Physics I modeled this loosely after my own high school schedule (which I can verify did get me into Dartmouth), and as you can see, it’s not an insane number of classes. Keep in mind that this is just a sample. Your school might offer more or fewerAP classes, or structure course tracks differently.For example, some schools have AP World History or Economics classes, which were not an option at my high school.Other schools might offer only a few AP classes or none at all, in which case you'd just take all Honors classes (or IB classes, if that’s an option).Colleges are aware of these limitations and will take them into account when reviewing your application. If you're an advanced student, you might finish the course track at your high school for a subject before your senior year. This happens especially with math and language classes. If you're done with AP Calculus after your sophomore or junior year, don't worry about being penalized if you decide not to take another math class in high school; you've already reached the level in math that Ivy League schools expect from most students. In this case, you might double up on science classes or classes in other academic areas that interest you during your last one or two years of high school. Try to maintain a relatively even balance of courses in different core subject areas as a baseline, while also taking care to emphasize your strengths. Not too interested in languages but love social studies classes? Even if you haven't finished the entire language course track, you can make the choice to take two social studies classes and lose the language.This shouldn’t hurt your chances as long as you’ve taken a language for three years already and are enrolled in the most challenging social studies classes. Make your passions apparent so your transcript gives colleges a sense of the unique qualities you’ll bring to the school. If you don't like studying languages, this might as well say "Welcome ... to your nightmares (a sus pesadillas)!" What’s More Important: Good Grades or Course Difficulty? Overall, selective colleges value a rigorous course load over perfect grades.An Ivy League school might accept a student who had all As and one or two Bs in the highest-level classes, but it probably wouldn’t accept a student who had flawless grades in mid- or low-level classes. These schools are looking for students who are up for an intellectual challenge and genuinely enjoy learning.If you’re in lower-level classes and earning straight As, you might not be challenging yourself enough.Taking the easy route to a good grade won't win you any points on your application. On the flip side, be careful about enrolling in a course schedule that's too intense for you.If your schedule becomes overwhelming, you might end up tanking your GPA (and your mental health!). It’s a delicate balance to strike between earning high grades and taking hard classes. Just know that you don’t have to take eight AP classes your senior year to get into an Ivy League school. If your schedule gets too intense, your hair could start turning gray, and in severe cases you might even be driven to purchase shutter shades. How Should You Go About Actually Choosing Your Classes? If you're the planning type (which you probably are since you're reading this article), you can map out your entire high school schedule early on in your freshman year. Structure your schedule so that you end up taking courses that are relevant to your strengths as a student while also fulfilling core curricular requirements.Your school shouldhave a course directory that you can look through for this purpose. Leave some spots in your schedule open to more than one option in case your goals change as you progress through high school. For example, if you're interested in both AP Psychology and AP Government but only have room for one, you can give yourself the option to pick between them later on. It's also smart to consult with your guidance counselor in the process of choosing which classes you'll take. If you have a specific college in mind, look at the application requirements toverify you'll fulfill them.Since your guidance counselor will know how other students with certain course schedules fared in the college application process, he or she might be able to give you advice based on the experiences of past students who were admitted to the school that interests you. Talking to your guidance counselor can be helpful, but make sure they're always holding an official-looking folder. That's the only way you know you can trust them. Stock photos never lie. What Else Should You Do If You Hope to Attend an Ivy League School? Apart from your grades and course schedule, your test scores will also be important to these colleges. On the SAT, you should score above 1500 for a solid chance of admission.On the ACT, you should score at least 33.Expectations might even be a bit higher depending on which Ivy League school you're targeting. If you want a good chance of attending one of these schools, especially the most selective Ivies, you'll also need to develop your application apart from test scores and grades. If you can accomplish something in high school that goes above and beyond what most students have done, you'll stand out from the crowd.This could be anything from winning an artistic competition to designing an app to making a breakthrough scientific discovery.These are just random suggestions, and everyone is different. But if you show that you're passionate about something and capable of acting on that passion to produce something unique, you'll have a leg up on the competition. For more details, read our comprehensive guide on how to get into an Ivy League school! Become one with the yellow flower. What's Next? If you're hoping to attend a very competitive college, you may be interested in your high school class rank. Read this article to find out what a good class rank might mean for you. Think you might be interested in branching out on your own academically in high school? Learn more about how to take an independent study class. If you've already completed a semester (or a few semesters) of high school, you can use the information in this article to calculate your current GPA and see how you measure up. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Spanking or Creative Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spanking or Creative Parenting - Essay Example She didn’t even speak with the little girl. She turned and returned to her cart. The child quickly replaced the doll and maneuvered the stroller back beside the mother as she strode away. I saw a tiny hand reach up to wipe away what I assumed to be a tear from her face. I felt sorry for the child and was left wondering why the mother hit her daughter in this instance. Reflecting on the scene, I have come to the conclusion that what I witnessed was wrong for several reasons. There is almost always a better way to discipline a child than by spanking. One reason spanking in this situation is ineffective parenting is the punishment did not have anything to do with the infraction. The consequence of spanking didn’t really connect the child to the misbehavior. A better technique to use would have been for the mother to get the child’s attention by using her voice. Once she got her attention, then she could have signaled to the girl it was time to go. If the girl didn’t respond, slowly walking away from the child would have sent the message that if you don’t come now you will be left behind. This is naturally motivating for a child because they usually do not want to be separated from a parent. Another reason spanking is not an effective way to discipline children is it models behavior that we wouldn’t want children to repeat. I am sympathetic to the mother in the scenario described. Maybe her daughter was on her last nerve. Maybe the mother wasn’t feeling well or had just lost her job. Regardless of the reason the mother chose to strike her child, the message sent to the child is that when you are upset it is acceptable to lash out at others. She learned that hitting others is a form of communication. It is a way of getting people to do what you want. I think all of us would agree that hitting others is not a great way to communicate. A final reason I feel hitting in this situation was wrong is the lack of

Look at a contemporary film and examine how it uses traditional Essay

Look at a contemporary film and examine how it uses traditional narrative structure to create and naturalize a certain myth - Essay Example Traditional narratives were passed from one generation to another through word of mouth that is orally. On the other hand, contemporary films are the modern films that are used to deliver given information on the receipt through televisions and DVD’s . Contemporary films include the multinational corporations film producers for instance Hollywood. With this, the essay examines how pulp fiction a postmodernist film uses linear traditional narrative structure to create and naturalize a certain myth. Traditional narrative structure consists of parts of a story and the order in which the reader unfolds the events in the story. As earlier stated the structure of the story consists of three parts, which clearly bring out the narrative. The structure of a traditional narrative depends on the genre of the story (Klapproth, 2004). For instance, in the digital narrative that is the contemporary film, the writer may decide to bring out a dramatic flashback first in the story before bring ing out the initial events of the story. Contemporary films incorporate traditional narratives and improve the disposal of their stories. ... The second part of the story, which is epitasis, sets things into motion it is also referred to as the catalyst stage because at this stage the agenda is revealed to the readers. In this story, the major characters undergo major changes as a result of what is happening in the story this is referred to as character development (Maan, 2010). The third stage is the resolution stage, in this stage the characters in the story confront the problem and coming together hence leading to the end of the story. Research shows that, there are two main types of traditional narrative structures, which defines a story. The two types of structures include linear and non-linear narrative structures. In non-linear structure, the story does not precede in a straight line or systematically for instance introducing flashback in the beginning of a story (Maan, 2010). On the other hand, linear narratives are sequential that means they run smoothly. In linear narrative, the story starts and ends with a contr ast hence bringing out the message to be passed to the receipt. In most cases, traditional narratives are organized in a chronological order. Recent research shows that, linear narratives consist of four sequences manipulation, competence, performance, and sanction. In the first stage manipulation, the contrast is established (Klapproth, 2004). With this information on the traditional narrative structure the essay analyses how pulp fiction film uses non-linear type narrative to break up chronological time and demonstrate traditional realms of art. In this film the writer shows how cultural and art is important in any given community. In this film, semiotic codes are used to show traditional narrative structures are used to naturalize a

Write a Dance Performance Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a Dance Performance Critique - Essay Example Black and white was the theme of the dance. The aim was to create the classical aspect of the dance. The dancers utilized this theme and created systematic movement that resembled the classical belle and tango dancers. The amateur completion offered more than expected. The diverse nature of the dancers created a connection between the classical music and dance and the modern aspects of dances. Most of the dancers fused these two themes to create a masterpiece much to the delight of the audience. The color background and music fused well with the dance routine hence creating the classical illusion. The focus was on the young pair with black and white Leotards. The pair represented the classical theme through their basic dance routines. The young pair was effective with the legs and hand movement hence creating a unique chemistry. The themes where accompanied by music and costumes. The music failed to represent the main theme. The tango routines where interrupted by quick music provide for by the event organizers. The time allocated to each dance routine was long hence did not match the length of the songs being played. The lack of life performance meant that the dancers depended on recorded music in their routines. The Black and white theme was effective and dancers had to adhere to the costumes recommended by event organizers. The uniformity of costume meant that constants were to be judged based on their abilities rather that overall appearance. Ability in this case meant finding a pair that understands the theme and their knowledge in presenting a masterpiece. The efforts by the dancers were exceptional given the conditions provided for by the event organizers. However, most of the dancers failed to acknowledge diversity in their dance routines. In conclusion, the dance competitions offered diversity in the manner in which

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Medication Administration Case Study Essay

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Medication Administration Case Study - Essay Example cases, the charges are being considered by the state, whereas in the third case, the nurse who made the error was sentenced to the probation of two years. I would take the position with the plaintiffs in the first and third case. Whatever the case is, it is the responsibility of the health providers to provide best medical services to the patients and with full care and attention. Patients come to health providers for medical care. They do not expect such blunders from them which can even take their lives. Therefore, charges should be made against the people involved in medical errors to make them and others aware of the consequences of showing negligence, as well as to make them feel their responsibility. However, in the second case, the pharmacy technician should be held responsible because he/she was the one who stocked incorrect medicine for infants. All three errors made in the cases described in the article could have been prevented if the clinical staff would have shown some responsibility. For example, in the first case, the person responsible for providing the medical care should have checked the patient at the right time instead of letting her wait for a long time. It is clear that she forgot to check her within time because making a patient wait for almost two hours does not make any sense. In the second case, the chances of prevention of error were less because nurses usually use the medicine stored in the right places. Pharmacy technician could have prevented this error by placing the right medicine at the right place. Moreover, in the third case, the error could have been prevented if a senior gynecologist would have supervised the medical procedure instead of letting the nurse perform the complex medical procedure on her own. In the first case, the primacy of the needs of patients surrounds the case because a nurse should feel the responsibility of providing correct care to the patient at the correct time. Section 2.1 (primacy of the patient’s

Football Hooliganism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Football Hooliganism - Essay Example ..... it is a sure-fire sign that the hooligan element is present and that their senseless fury is about to be unleashed"( Chaudhary, 2002). Though hooliganism in football originated in Britain, it is today by no means isolated to the UK, and is in fact a major source of concern and much sociological and psychological research across Europe and other nations. It is today an accepted fact that hooliganism has had its presence in various countries across the last century, a fact which has been systematically established with concrete evidence: By now, most students of sports violence recognise the spurious nature of the claim that soccer hooliganism is a "British disease".....In content analyses of media Williams et al. (1984) unearthed over 70 reports of spectator disorder at soccer matches in 30 different countries in which English fans were not involved between 1904 and 1983.(Coakley, Dunning, 2000) The exact date of origin of this phenomenon in soccer cannot be easily ascertained . It came to the notice of the public and government authorities in the sixties, but in fact the first recorded instances of football hooliganism hark back to a much earlier date. " During a match in 1846 in Derby the riot act was read and two troops of dragoons called in to deal with a disorderly crowd, whilst pitch invasions became increasingly common from the 1880's onwards"( Pearson, 2001). Indeed, violence has always been associated with a majority of sporting activity, and more specifically with soccer, which is "in both the pejorative and non-pejorative sense, an intrinsically aggressive event which sanctions some violence in attempts to win, and retain, possession of the ball". (Bonny, Giulianotti, Hepworth, 1994) But it was during the Swinging Sixties that football became more of a fashion than a sport, a part of youth culture, and developed a relationship with fashion, style, image and even music. This was in part because football clubs became more organised, the limits to a footballer's weekly earnings were abolished, and last, but not the least, the hosting of the 1966 World Cup finals in UK, which got widespread media coverage. Also important was the establishment of fan followings for different football clubs, and the concepts of "ends" in the stadia, which the supporters of the home and away group respectively marked as their territory, and the defence of which became paramount, attaining almost a cult status. "The most important feature of contemporary hooliganism is the taking and holding of 'ends'. Away supporters, especially those from clubs with 'hooligan' reputations, try to drive home supporters from their traditional end"( Holt, 1992). In this decade, male youth gradually became a community on its own, distinct from the patriarchal concepts of family and society, and football became a mode of independent expression. There are manifest continuities between the rites of violence in contemporary Britain and earlier periods. But the specific forms of hooliganism are new; football crowds were not segregated by age before the 1960s; youth did not congregate around parts of football clubs as their territory--they had a larger territory and community which they shared with their older male relatives. ( Holt,1992) Hooliganism became a growing

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Questions - Essay Example If an artist is able to manage an analysis of bulk information, they are capable of inserting hugely valuable inclinations and breakthroughs. As a result, artists are able to actively secure their artworks in an appealing prospect for data security. Many artists certainly collect numerous bits of data with the usage of security gadgets. Their information can be secured through valuable inclinations and breakthroughs attached to their switches, internet connecting routers and data flow devices in an infinite manner (Vaidhyanathan 83). The first amendment and the right freedom of speech do not exist in absolute and unchallengeable senses. This is because reflection about liberation of speech on constitution day highlighted the protection of free speech by the first amendment (Vaidhyanathan 117). More precisely, free speech has been described as the communication conveyed into the market of concepts. These ideas have to have the authority to permit individuals on making decisions based on what is believed to be morally correct and incorrect. Therefore, I concur with the laws that forbid the criteria for harmful speech as referenced in the course book. The inherent dignity and equality of each person is the cornerstone axiom of global human rights. Global regulations restrict declarations that deny the fairness among all human beings. Hate speech laws form part of the regulations that go far enough in the criteria of hatred it is supposed to cover (Vaidhyanathan

Football Hooliganism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Football Hooliganism - Essay Example ..... it is a sure-fire sign that the hooligan element is present and that their senseless fury is about to be unleashed"( Chaudhary, 2002). Though hooliganism in football originated in Britain, it is today by no means isolated to the UK, and is in fact a major source of concern and much sociological and psychological research across Europe and other nations. It is today an accepted fact that hooliganism has had its presence in various countries across the last century, a fact which has been systematically established with concrete evidence: By now, most students of sports violence recognise the spurious nature of the claim that soccer hooliganism is a "British disease".....In content analyses of media Williams et al. (1984) unearthed over 70 reports of spectator disorder at soccer matches in 30 different countries in which English fans were not involved between 1904 and 1983.(Coakley, Dunning, 2000) The exact date of origin of this phenomenon in soccer cannot be easily ascertained . It came to the notice of the public and government authorities in the sixties, but in fact the first recorded instances of football hooliganism hark back to a much earlier date. " During a match in 1846 in Derby the riot act was read and two troops of dragoons called in to deal with a disorderly crowd, whilst pitch invasions became increasingly common from the 1880's onwards"( Pearson, 2001). Indeed, violence has always been associated with a majority of sporting activity, and more specifically with soccer, which is "in both the pejorative and non-pejorative sense, an intrinsically aggressive event which sanctions some violence in attempts to win, and retain, possession of the ball". (Bonny, Giulianotti, Hepworth, 1994) But it was during the Swinging Sixties that football became more of a fashion than a sport, a part of youth culture, and developed a relationship with fashion, style, image and even music. This was in part because football clubs became more organised, the limits to a footballer's weekly earnings were abolished, and last, but not the least, the hosting of the 1966 World Cup finals in UK, which got widespread media coverage. Also important was the establishment of fan followings for different football clubs, and the concepts of "ends" in the stadia, which the supporters of the home and away group respectively marked as their territory, and the defence of which became paramount, attaining almost a cult status. "The most important feature of contemporary hooliganism is the taking and holding of 'ends'. Away supporters, especially those from clubs with 'hooligan' reputations, try to drive home supporters from their traditional end"( Holt, 1992). In this decade, male youth gradually became a community on its own, distinct from the patriarchal concepts of family and society, and football became a mode of independent expression. There are manifest continuities between the rites of violence in contemporary Britain and earlier periods. But the specific forms of hooliganism are new; football crowds were not segregated by age before the 1960s; youth did not congregate around parts of football clubs as their territory--they had a larger territory and community which they shared with their older male relatives. ( Holt,1992) Hooliganism became a growing

Strategic Plan For Your Organization Statistics Project

Strategic Plan For Your Organization - Statistics Project Example This paper will explore the strategic plan for GetWell, a pharmaceutical company that sells prescription medicine (Cravens & Piercy, 2008). GetWell possesses sufficient information about the target market. The demand for pharmaceutical products is high and keeps increasing every day (Callahan, 2006). The firm will use this information to serve consumers better. The customer base includes medical doctors, trainers, physical therapists and chiropractors. Most customers buy the medications for pain management and relief. The medical industry is under pressure to reduce costs for medical purchases. Insurance companies are exerting pressure on various medical institutions to buy low-priced but quality medicine. The number of people with drug plans is high especially for elderly people who have no medical coverage. The market for prescription medicine is expected to grow by 6% annually. Many pharmacies sell prescription drugs in cities that GetWell operates in but few offer low prices like GetWell. Competitors rarely advertise in print or digital media. The increase in the number of athletes and sports trainers ordering pain management medicine is encouraging (Brukner & Khan, 2008). GetWell aims at increasing its market share by targeting new customers and becoming the market leader for pharmaceutical sales in the region. The firm plans to reduce the market share of competitors by taking most of their walk-in customers and making more deliveries. GetWell plans to achieve financial growth of 15% for every year. GetWell is aiming at providing customers with the best medicine at discounted prices. GetWell aims at increasing the number of repeat customers by 9% in each quarter. The firm aims at increasing customer awareness about the various stores in the two states. GetWell plans to reduce client acquisition costs by 10% every year. Another objective is taking a majority share in supply of medicine to

Support and Caring for a Person with Dementia Essay Example for Free

Support and Caring for a Person with Dementia Essay The patient presents with dementia, poor posture (her chin close to her chest) and dislikes solids, there for has to be assisted to feed and chooses only to consume liquids. Her communication skills are also poor and doesn’t have the capacity to engage in a flowing conversation but has the ability to answer a question using the words ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or by saying individual words. I was given the task of feeding the patient at lunch time as she requires one to one support at meal times due to her lack of willingness to consume solids and fluids. It is extremely important to maintain good fluid intake to reduce the chance of dehydration which could contribute to increased confusion in a dementia patient. To prevent this, patient H has a daily fluid chart which is filled in every time fluids are consumed as a way of effectively monitoring her intake of fluids. I informed patient H it was meal time and directed her to her chair by her bedside, supporting her to sit and positioned a bedside table over her chair. H expresses distress and agitation when sitting in the dining room at meal times with the other patients therefor patients H’s preferences are respected by supporting her to feed at her bed area. I put a plastic green apron on her to protect her clothes and maintain her dignity, washed my hands and put a green apron over my own clothing for hygiene purposes in accordance with my wards food hygiene policy. As the patient only consumes fluids I got a Fortisip drink from the fridge, poured it into a handled plastic cup and added a straw. Fortisip drinks have a high nutritional and energy value and are used as meal replacement in cases such as this patient. I communicated with the patient verbally in an encouraging manner and held the cup and directed the straw to her mouth. I did this at several intervals, making sure I left a sufficient time in between sips to enable her to swallow the contents of the liquid, encouraging conversation throughout. After drinking three quarters of the cup the patient refused to open her mouth to take the straw and shouted ‘no’ and got up out of her chair which at this point I praised the patient and relocated the cup on the table. I chatted in general conversation with her to give her sufficient time to digest her intake then offered her further fluids to which she stated ‘no more’. Satisfied she had had enough, I removed her apron and directed her to the lounge area and then discussed the task with my mentor. Feelings/thoughts Before I started this task I felt slightly anxious as it was the first time I had supported this patient on a one to one basis. I was unsure of how she would react to me as I was an unfamiliar face to her in relation to her feeding and I had previously witnessed her being very verbally aggressive, trying to leave her chair and showing signs of frustration during meal times with other trained, experienced staff on the ward. Throughout the task I felt my confidence increased as the patient was fairly compliant with what I was trying to achieve, this made me become more relaxed and less anxious which I feel eased the mood of the whole experience. After completing the task I felt satisfied that I had achieved what was required whilst undertaking a person-centred personalised approach to meet the needs of the patient. Evaluation I felt that I achieved the desired outcome which was to ensure the patient consumed an adequate volume of fluids during meal time whilst promoting a person – centred approach to their care as I ensured the patient enjoyed and consumed her meal through liquid form with a suitable aid which is her preference to enable easier consumption. In order to meet patient’s needs I required a straw, cup, appropriate meal supplement and syringe which are all aids I used during the task. If I hadn’t prepared her meal in liquid form then the patient would have been unable to consume her meal which would result in dehydration, hunger and lack of sufficient nutrients absorbed into her body to enable her to function normally. I felt I could have been more organised with the task as I felt I interrupted the flow of the task by leaving the table on a couple of occasions to retrieve required items. I should have had the meal supplement already poured in the cup with straw to hand at the table along with the oral syringe before directing the patient to get seated in her chair. If I had done this I feel I would have been much more focused on the patient which would have been a more positive experience for the patient. Analysis In order to reduce my anxiety of the task I feel it would have been beneficial to have spent more time interacting with the patient on a general basis before supporting her with feeding. This would have provided a more natural transition into the task effectively creating a more relaxed experience for the patient. This would enabled me to have an even better person centred approach as I would have known what works well and what doesn’t work so well in regards to feeding the patient concerned. Conclusion I feel that the patient received a good standard of person centred care in regards to her mealtime. It is important that the patient feels included and valued within the ward and I feel this is met by ensuring she has one to one support during mealtimes in an area where she feels most comfortable. However, it is also important to note that there may be occasions where the patient would rather not be situated at her bed area and her behaviour of standing up and removing herself from the chair may indicate this. I understood this behaviour was the patient’s way of expressing that she didn’t want any more intake, where in reflection it could have been an indication that she was unhappy with the current surroundings or the temperature for example. My mentor was satisfied that I had taken a person-centred personalised approach to the task as I had met and taken into account the patient emotional, metal and physical needs by tailoring her meal time experience using appropriate aids and the environment to create a positive experience which took her preferences into consideration. Action plan In future I will aim to forward plan more and ensure I have all required resources to hand to enable me to dedicate my time and use my time with the patient more effectively. This will ensure that I make the best use of my time which will allow me to support my team effectively and also ensure that the patient feels completely valued and display to them that I am competent and focused on the task I am supporting them with. It would also be beneficial for me to interact with the patient if possible before undertaking a task which would relax the patient and help them feel at ease. I have had previous experience of this skill as I have worked in the social care sector for many years but have found having this opportunity to reflect on my practice through the use of the Gibb’s model of reflection valuable and given me awareness of how I can develop this skill further to benefit the patient.

Planning a Game Show

Planning a Game Show Title: All About Women Genre : Television Game Show Logline: It is all about eight women with lack of confidence go on a trip to learning a lot of skills from playing games to reinvent themselves, from an ugly duckling to the white swan. Objectives The main objective of this show is to change people’s behaviour to makeover themselves to be more confident in their life. People nowadays are lazy to be nice on their inner and outer beauty, so this show is to make them to have the motivation of changing themselves to be better. Secondly, our objective is to increase their knowledge of beauty. Women nowadays normally they are lack of the knowledge of beauty. In this show, we invited a lot of professional make up stylist to guide those competitors to make up, diet and so on. Lastly, our objective is to change the attitude of women by making them more attractive. There are no ugly women but lazy women in this world. Some people think that natural is beautiful. But after 20 years old, it no longer works. Through the game show, they will reinvent themselves into perfect women. Synopsis Theme: fantasy fulfilment â€Å"All About Women†, is the Malaysian Television game show. It is the first television game show to offer a Royal beauty treatment to the winner. This show will air every Sunday at 8.30pm on 8tv. â€Å"All About Women† is to help those women who are lack of confidence on themselves in the Malaysia. We will seek the competitors through some interview. Program group are choose 8 competitors to our TV game show. In the beginning, competitors will have a lot of training such as makeup, dressing and so on. After that, there will have small station game to test the competitors. The participant will get marks according to their performance in the station game. These marks is helpful in semi-final as the participant will get some mysteries gift that will boost them to get marks in the semi-final. The last two episodes are our semi-final and final. In the later period of the contest the progress of the competitors is determined 70% by public voting through text messaging or social media and 30% judged by three judges, Jimmy Lee, Grace Wang and Bernard Chandran. The show is hosted by Natalie Ng. Target Audiences The primary audience that we targeted for this show is Malaysia women and men with the age range between 20 to 55 years old. This range of people is more mature in their thinking and they can understand well about the importance of take care for their outer look. Besides that, they are more affordable in buying things to make them look more beauty. After that, this show is joyful and knowledgeable. They can watch this show in weekend to release their stress and also increase knowledge. The secondary audience that targeted for this show is all teenagers that between 13 to 19 years old. The range of this teenagers are more concern about their skin condition. Teenagers nowadays are more likely to care about their inner and outer beauty. So this TV shows can attract them to watch. Besides that, teenagers like to watch something special and excite so they will choose to watch this TV show as they will felt excited when participant are playing station games. Moreover, this TV show is first broadcast during their holiday so they are free to watch the show. Host The host that we invited is Ms. Natalie Ng. (refer to appendix 1.) She had been working for the English and Chinese markets in 2007. She had confidence to take Malaysia market after she finished her Diploma in Mass Communication. She is 8TV’s Entertainment Live Show 8 E-news in year 2008 to 2013. She had also won the 2012 Golden Award for Most Popular Host. Mentor The first mentor that we invited is Mr. Wang Ming Yong (refer to appendix 2.) which will be shown in episode two. Mr. Wang Ming Yong is a healthcare professional from Taiwan. He had studied at Australian School of Herbal Medicine. He is also a well-known dietary nutrition health care consultant. Mr. Wang had be invited before to the ‘Ladies First’ and ‘Health 2.0’ as counsellor of health care. The second mentor that we invited is Mr. Robin Niu (refer to appendix 3.) and he will appear in episode three. Mr. Robin Niu is a skin care professional which is also from Taiwan. Everyone address him as ‘Beauty King’ in Taiwan. He is graduated from a medical school in Taiwan. He have 18 years of experience in investigating skin care product. He get an award by Sogua for the most outstanding contribution to beauty. Mr. Robin have his own brand name ‘Naruko’ which is favourite by billion online users in China. This is the only beauty brand that been awarded the 2009 Top 80 Most Trusted Celebrity Brands and Best New Brand 2010 in Taiwan and China. The third mentor that we invited is Mr. Jimmy Lee (refer to appendix 4.) from Melaka that will be in episode four. Mr. Jimmy Lee is a hair stylist which have 8 years of experience in the hair do industry. When he was 18 years old, he is studying at Hair Connection Academy that is located in Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. He had also once been offered to be Hair Lecturer by Snips Academy in Sabah for 4 years. He now had formed A ‘Hair and Makeup Art Studio Academy’ in Sabah with Ms. Ryana Yong. The fourth mentor that we invited is Ms. Grace Wang (refer to appendix 5.) that will be in episode five. She is a makeup artist and have 5 years of experience. Ms. Grace Wang is more professional in bridal makeup. She had completed her hairstyling and makeup course in Taiwan and now all the product that she use is high quality product such as Mac, Bobbi Brown, Lancome and more. She also believes that makeup will enhance personal features and will make people feel good about themselves. The last mentor that we invited is Mr. Bernard Chandran (refers to appendix 6.) that will be on episode six. Mr. Bernard Chandran is a fashion designer and people call him as ‘Malaysia’s Prince of Fashion’. He is a former student of prestigious Paris American Academy in France. He is also the local Celebrities most favourite fashion designer. His cloths infused with bold colours and draw inspiration of Malaysia’s multicultural influences. Mostly of his collection is made up of complex, traditional Malaysian costume with modern touches. Mr. Bernard Chandran collection had been worn by Hollywood Stars and also Lady Gaga. Channel The TV games shows will be on air at 8TV, from every Sunday 8:30pm to 9:30 pm. The first episode will be on air at 15 March 2015 while the last episode will show on 3 May 2015. 8 TV is one of the free-to-air TV stations that are privately owned by Media Prime Berhad in Malaysia. The reason we choose 8 TV as the channel to broadcast this TV game show is the target audience of 8TV is similar to this show which is Chinese audiences and urban youth. Besides that, we choose to broadcast this games show at Sunday as Sunday is weekend and most of the Malaysians are not working or studying at that day. Most of the Malaysian will customarily watch the Chinese news that broadcast at 8:00pm so the show is on air at 8:30pm as we wish to attract the attention of audience after watching the news. Furthermore, this games show will start to broadcast during the school holiday of primary school and secondary school which is 15 March 2015 because we hope that student can watch this game show when they felt boring and continue to support this show. Episode 1: The first episode is an introduction about the TV game shows â€Å"All about Women† and the participant selection. The hosts, Natalie Ng will give an explanation about screening condition for choosing the 8 participant. For example, participant must be a woman at the age range of 18 to 30 who brace up to learn and change themselves into a perfect woman. The interview is held in the studio by 5 mentor of the TV show. They are Mr Wang Ming Yong, Mr Robin Niu, Mr Jimmy Lee, Mr Bernard Chandra and Mrs Grace Wang. The interviewee need to prepare a short video to introduce themselves and the reason why they want to change into a perfect woman. They also need to answer the questions asked by 5 mentors. The list of participant will deciding by 5 tutors and announce at the end of the show. Episode 2: For the first part of this episode, the participants will start to attend the training class. The mentor of this episode is Mr Wang Ming Yong who is a Taiwan health care professional. He will listen to the participant lifestyles and give a comment on whether it is healthy or not. He will also share his own experience on how to maintain a healthy life and the importance of healthy life. The second part of this episode will be a station game. This game is aims to improve cardiovascular fitness and helps them to maintain a healthy weight. In this game, participants are required to run on a 7 meters foot sole massager in a playground. They need to gain the lead in race in order to win the games. The champion of this game will get 6 marks while the first runner-up will get 5 marks and the second runner-up will get 4 marks, and so on. These marks will continue to increase in following episode according to their result in the station game. Episode 3: The first part of this episode will be the skincare training class. The mentor of this episode is Mr Robin Niu who is professional in skin care. He will explain the symptom of different types of skin condition and the way to take care of it. He also explains about which kind of skin is suitable for which type of skin product. After that, he recommends the best seller product and the right way to use it. For the part of station game, participants are given 20 minutes to memorize 10 types of ingredient that widely used in skin care product and its use. After that, a lightning round will hold by the host, Natalie Ng. A total of 10 questions will be asked and the participants need to be the first to blow a balloon in order to answer the question. Participant will get 1 mark when they give the right answer. The marks they gain in this episode will be added on into the marks they got in previous episode. Episode 4: In this episode, Mrs Grace Wang, a professional makeup artist, will be the mentor for makeup training class. She will first points out the mistake that done by the participant and shows them some basic makeup that is easy and suitable for everyone. Besides that, she will explain and show them the most suitable makeup for them. After that, participant will draw lots to decide who will be their partner in the following part of this episode. They need to help their partner to make up and it will be judged by Mrs Grace Wang. Both of the persons in one group will get same marks. The champion will get 6 marks while the first runner-up will get 5 marks and so on. The marks they gain in this episode will be added on into the marks they got in previous episode. Episode 5 A well-known hair stylist, Mr Jimmy Lee will be the mentor of this episode. He will first indicate the mistake that usually done by most of the women and show them the suitable hairstyles for them. He also shows them the latest hairstyles and the hairstyles that fit in different situation. After that, each of them will be given one picture that showing different hairstyles. They are required to complete the hairstyles same as the picture in a period of 30 minutes. Participant who be the first to complete the hairstyles will get 6 marks while be the second faster to complete the hairstyle will get 5 marks and so on. Participant who be the last or cannot complete the hairstyles in a period of 30 minutes will get 1 mark. The marks they gain in this episode will be added on into the marks they got in previous episode. Episode 6 The first part of this episode is a fashion training class and the mentor is Mr Bernard Chandran, a famous fashion designer. He will show them the wrong way of matching clothes and teach them how to matching outfit. He will then show them the newest trend of clothing. After that, they will move to a dressing room that contains hundreds of clothes. They need to match 3 outfits that suitable for working, shopping and outing in a period of 10 minutes. They will wear the outfit they choose and judged by Mr Bernard Chandra. Participant will get the marks at a range of 0 to 18. The marks they gain in this episode will be added on into the marks they got in previous episode. Episode 7 This episode will be a live semi-final. This episode is aim to select 4 participant who can continue proceed to final. In this episode, participant need to make over themselves in 40 minutes will the themes of traditional costume. They can use the marks they get in the previous episode to exchanges some preponderance for their makeover. For example, participant can use 10 marks to exchanges a chance to ask the mentor to help them and 7 marks to changes the brand of a tool. These participant after makeover, will show their picture of before and after. These picture will show in TV and open voting to all audience around the world through messaging or social media. Four participant who have higher votes will proceed to the final. The result will come out in the end of this TV show. Episode 8 The last episode of this TV shows is a live final competition. In the end of this episode, one winner will be the selectedparticipant and will be required to go inside a room full of clothes, accessories and cosmetic product. They need to make over themselves, at the same time, prepare a talent performance in 1 hour. After 1 hours, the photo of their outfit will upload to social media and let public to vote. The judgment criteria for the final is quite similar with semi-final except there are three judges in the final. They are Jimmy Lee, Grace Wang and Bernard Chandran. The criteria for the judges are 30% and the other 70% are from the public voting. The winner will be given a Royal Beauty Treatment. Conclusion In conclusion, even though we face a lot of problem during completing this assignment but we still manage to complete our assignment due to teamwork. While doing this assignment. We learned how to create a television game show. It is not easy to form an idea. We learned how to make a trailer for TV game show as well. When doing this assignment, we find out that it is difficult to invite the host to participate in our TV game show because they are very busy and maybe some are come from foreign country. The purpose for our TV game show is to let the public know more on how to makeover themselves to be more confident and pretty. We invite some famous and professional make up stylist to our TV game shows to attract more people participate in our TV show. We hope that teenagers can improve the knowledge of beauty through our TV game shows and became a person who perfect in both inner and outer look in the future.

The Role of Penelope in Homers Odyssey Essay examples -- Odyssey essa

   Odysseus's wife, Penelope plays a very important role in Homer's Odyssey.   She provides the motivation for Odysseus's return to Ithaca.   She is also the center of the plot involving the suitors and the fate of Telemakos and Ithaca itself.   The objective of this essay is to analyze the important role of Penelope in Odyssey.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Penelope is the reason for Odysseus's return to Ithaca.   He is driven throughout his entire journey to go back and see his wife.   He turns down immortality with the beautiful Kalypso to return home:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "My lady goddess, here is no cause for anger.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...ohen, ed., The Distaff Side (Oxford 1995), pp. 93-115. Homer.   The Odyssey.   Trans.   Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 1996. Marilyn Arthur Katz, Penelope's Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey (Princeton 1991). Nancy Felson-Rubin, Regarding Penelope: From Courtship to Poetics (Princeton 1994).

Personal Hygiene

Personal hygiene (NHS) The person you care for may be physically or mentally unable to maintain their own personal hygiene. Keeping clean is essential for good health. Poor hygiene can cause skin complaints, unpleasant smells and bacterial or parasitic infections. General hygiene The daily personal hygiene of the person you care for is very important, so make sure: †¢ their hands are washed after they've used the toilet †¢ their genitals and anal area are washed every day †¢ their face is washed daily they're fully bathed or showered at least twice a week †¢ their teeth are brushed twice a day, preferably after each meal. It is also important that they have regular dental checks. Find out more about dental treatment for people with special needs. Washing and bathing For most people, washing is a very private activity. When helping someone to wash or bathe, be sensitive and help maintain their dignity. You'll both probably  feel awkward and embarrassed, especiall y at first. To make bathing as pleasant and comfortable as possible: †¢ use pleasant-smelling shampoo, bubble bath or soap play music that the person you care for likes and is familiar with †¢ if the person is confused, explain what's happening as you go along †¢ be sensitive to the mood of the person Carer's tip from Netbuddy â€Å"If you are caring for someone who won't wash, get involved with activities that are followed by showers, for example, swimming. It may help if they see other people showering. My son only started using the shower and wetting his head because he saw it in a film he was watching†. Personal preference and emotional stateBe aware of  the emotional state of the person you care for when helping them wash. For example, some people can be anxious  about deep bath water. Adaptations, such as seats or recliners,  can help with anxiety. Reassure the person that you won’t let them be hurt. Overhead showers can be frightening to som e people. If you have no bath or there is a good reason for using a shower rather than a bath,  use a hand-held shower unit. Ask the person how they would prefer to be helped and allow them as much independence as you think is safe.If they had a routine before you began caring for them, find out what it was and stick to it as  much as  you can. Find out which shampoo, shower gel or soap they prefer to make the experience more familiar to them. Many people become self-conscious when undressed in front of others. Be sensitive to the situation and approach it in the way you think is  most appropriate. The person you care for may feel isolated if you leave them alone. How you handle this depends on your relationship with them. Have clothes and towels with you so you don’t have to leave them alone in the bathroom if they don't want you to.Safety If the person you're looking after has limited mobility or has  problems balancing, make sure that: †¢ the floor is not sl ippery (dry it if necessary), †¢ the room is a comfortable temperature, †¢ the water is comfortably warm (older people  particularly feel the cold, so bear  this in mind when adjusting the  temperature), †¢ the locks are removed from the door (the person you care for may want privacy, but in an emergency you will need  to get into the bathroom), and †¢ you look out for your own safety, for example by making  sure you can manage  if you have to lift the person in and out of the bath.Toileting Toileting is an important part of personal hygiene, regardless of whether the person you're looking after is continent (able to control their bladder and bowels) or not. Incontinence can create feelings of shame or embarrassment for both the  carer and the person being cared for. Sometimes, they may be in  denial about their incontinence  or refuse to accept help. Reassure them that it’s not their fault and approach the issue in a calm, reassuring way if they're in denial. Bed baths If the person you care for cannot move or has extremely limited mobility, you may have to give them a bed bath.You will need to be extra careful, for your own safety,  when moving or lifting them. Specialist disposable baths are available if  they need a proper immersive bath (to be put fully in the water). Getting help If you're finding it difficult to cope with toileting, washing or general hygiene,  contact your local authority or a local carers organisation (see Services near you, above right). Cleanliness and infection control 12. —(1) The registered person must, so far as reasonably practicable, ensure that— (a) service users; (b) persons employed for the purpose of the carrying on of the regulated activity; and c) others who may be at risk of exposure to a health care associated infection arising from the carrying on of the regulated activity, are protected against identifiable risks of acquiring such an infection by the me ans specified in paragraph (2). (2) The means referred to in paragraph (1) are— (a) the effective operation of systems designed to assess the risk of and to prevent, detect and control the spread of a health care associated infection; (b) where applicable, the provision of appropriate treatment for those who are affected by a health care associated infection; and c) the maintenance of appropriate standards of cleanliness and hygiene in relation to— (i) premises occupied for the purpose of carrying on the regulated activity, (ii) equipment and reusable medical devices used for the purpose of carrying on the regulated activity, and (iii) materials to be used in the treatment of service users where such materials are at risk of being contaminated with a health care associated infection. Regulation 12 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2010