Environmental Changes Relationship to Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Changes for Relationship to Punctuated Equilibrium Theory. Answer: Essay Introduction: As stated by Lieberman and Eldredge (2014), Punctuated Equilibrium is a theory that talks about the evolutionary process on the basis of pattern that appeared first and then subsequently showed changes. There is no doubt that there have been considerable changes in the environment. These changes are bound to create impact on the industries and businesses as well. Discussion: Every business is largely affected by the macro factors of the region where the company operates. Therefore, changing environmental condition is bound to impact on the business of a company. Keeping the same aspect in mind, many industries have found to make changes in their business activities. For example, dairy industry has been largely affected due to severe changes in environment (Lieberman and Eldredge 2014). If taken into consideration, the dairy animals were reared on the ground for their pasture. However, the scenario has changed and their feeding process has also been changed. This change also has relation with the increasing demand of products. Punctuated Equilibrium has definitely certain role to play. Conclusion: Considering the impact of Punctuated Equilibrium, an organization or a company has to make certain changes in its business ventures. Moreover, in the recent nature of market where competition and Globalization has impacted the business largely, it falls under the strategies of the companies to think of various ways that shall be incorporated to fight against such changes. Article 1: Title and Article Reference Sastry, M. (1997). Problems and Paradoxes in a Model of Punctuated Organizational Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,42(2), 237-275. doi: 1. Available at: https://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/stable/2393920 doi:1 [Accessed on 4-9-2016] Aim/Purpose of article To highlight the problems under a wide range of conditions that lead an organization to make changes in its business operation. Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis Empirical research has been conducted based on the theories and other information available from different sources. Findings/Interpretations reported in the article The author highlighted four important factors that lead the management of an organization to make changes. These are strategic orientation, inertia, perceived performance and pressure for change. Significance/Contribution of the article in relation to the topic The article has supported the impact of changes in the environment that compels an organization to make certain changes in their business strategies. This has contributed to the understanding of environmental changes and its impact on industries. Strengths of the article Many journals and books have been used to support the argument of that the author has made. This has given greater insight about the topic and helped to clear the conception regarding the topic. Weaknesses of the article Very less industrial examples have been used in the article that has not cleared the actual implication of the changing factors of the environment that has directly or indirectly impacted the business of a company. Quote from the article As an organization develops, its ability to recognize the impact of the environment increases and the organization thinks of better ways to improve their business. Article 2: Title and Article Reference Martin, M.H. Streams, M. 2015, "Punctuated Equilibrium Theory: An Empirical Investigation of Its Relevance for Global Health Expenditure",Public Budgeting Finance, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 73-94. Aim/Purpose of article To highlighted the impact of the distribution of annual changes in the nature and its impact on the Health Care industry. Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis The research is based on empirical findings from various journal articles and books. The study is based on the Health Care industry of USA. Findings/Interpretations reported in the article The Study has highlighted the importance of undertaking a number of changes in the Health industry in order to meet the challenges that this sector faces. The author has highlighted that with the changes in the environment, there have been increase in a number of diseases and Significance/Contribution of the article in relation to the topic The significance of the study helped to understand the implications and the strategies are important for health care industry to undertake to meeting the changing environmental condition. Strengths of the article The article is very informative and narrated a lot of things related to the topic of discussion. The empirical strategies undertaken by the author also helped to open greater horizon towards the understanding of the changing nature of Health care industry. Weaknesses of the article The article highlighted the condition of the USA and did not assume same situation in other countries or continents. Therefore, the findings of the research can only be applied for the US scenario. Quote from the article The policies undertaken by the health industries are more incremental towards the changing scenario of the environment. Article 3: Title and Article Reference Wollin, A. 1999, "Punctuated equilibrium: reconciling theory of revolutionary and incremental change",Systems Research and Behavioral Science,vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 359-367. Aim/Purpose of article To kind the key concepts that act as the major tool in multinational companies to set their business strategies or to make changes in their strategies. Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis Empirical research by the means of undertaking a number of books and journals. Findings/Interpretations reported in the article The author has commented that factors including culture, technology, resources and even distribution of power or resources have great impact on an organization. When these factors will show certain changes, in order to keep pace with these changes, an organization has also had to make changes to survive. Significance/Contribution of the article in relation to the topic The journal has significantly contributed to the fact that an organization will look into all kind of possible factors that could affect its business operation. Depending upon the finding, an organization shall make changes in their business strategies. Strengths of the article The author has discussed a number of concepts related to the study. This has opened the horizon for better understanding of the concept and its major impact on an organization. Weaknesses of the article The article did not support its argument by actual industrial examples. More focus has been made on the various concepts that are responsible for making changing in an organization. Quote from the article Punctuated Equilibrium is a biological evolution theory but the theory also lead to the changes in the organizational operation References: Lieberman, B.S. and Eldredge, N., 2014. What is punctuated equilibrium? What is macroevolution? A response to Pennell et al.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,29, pp.185-186. Martin, M.H. Streams, M. 2015, "Punctuated Equilibrium Theory: An Empirical Investigation of Its Relevance for Global Health Expenditure",Public Budgeting Finance,vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 73-94. Sastry, M. 1997. Problems and Paradoxes in a Model of Punctuated Organizational Change.Administrative Science Quarterly,42(2), 237-275. doi:1. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/stable/2393920 doi:1 Wollin, A. 1999, "Punctuated equilibrium: reconciling theory of revolutionary and incremental change",Systems Research and Behavioral Science,vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 359-367.